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NEET MDS Biochemistry Flashcards
51 question-and-answer cards covering Biochemistry as it is examined in NEET MDS. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biochemistry deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the role of the TCA (Krebs) cycle and where does it occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix, the TCA cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO2, producing 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP per turn for energy generation.
How many ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule?
Approximately 30-32 ATP (modern estimate) via glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the function of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis?
Glycogenesis = synthesis of glycogen from glucose (storage); glycogenolysis = breakdown of glycogen to release glucose, regulated by insulin (storage) and glucagon/epinephrine (breakdown).
What is gluconeogenesis and where does it occur?
Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids), mainly in the liver (and kidney) during fasting.
What is the main purpose of the HMP shunt (pentose phosphate pathway)?
To produce NADPH (for biosynthesis and antioxidant defense) and ribose-5-phosphate (for nucleotide synthesis); no ATP is generated.
How is blood glucose hormonally regulated?
Insulin lowers blood glucose (promotes uptake, glycogenesis); glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone raise it (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis).
What are the clinical features of diabetes mellitus biochemically?
Hyperglycemia, glycosuria, ketonemia/ketonuria, polyuria, polydipsia, and elevated HbA1c due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
How are lipids classified?
Simple lipids (fats, oils, waxes), compound lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, lipoproteins), and derived lipids (fatty acids, steroids, ketone bodies).
Where does fatty acid beta-oxidation occur and what does it yield?
In the mitochondrial matrix; each cycle removes 2 carbons producing 1 acetyl-CoA, 1 FADH2, and 1 NADH.
What are the three ketone bodies and when are they formed?
Acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone; formed in the liver during starvation, fasting, or uncontrolled diabetes when fatty acid oxidation exceeds carbohydrate availability.
List the major lipoproteins in order of increasing density.
Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL (density increases as protein content rises and lipid falls).
Why is LDL called 'bad' and HDL 'good' cholesterol?
LDL delivers cholesterol to tissues and promotes atherosclerosis; HDL performs reverse cholesterol transport, removing cholesterol from tissues to the liver.
What is the building block of DNA and its components?
The nucleotide: a nitrogenous base + deoxyribose sugar + phosphate group. Bases are adenine, guanine (purines), cytosine, thymine (pyrimidines).
Describe the Watson-Crick model of DNA structure.
A right-handed antiparallel double helix with a sugar-phosphate backbone; bases pair via H-bonds (A=T with 2 bonds, G≡C with 3 bonds) following Chargaff's rule.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → (transcription) → RNA → (translation) → Protein; information flows from DNA to RNA to protein (with reverse transcription as an exception).
Compare DNA and RNA.
DNA: deoxyribose, double-stranded, thymine, stores genetic info. RNA: ribose, usually single-stranded, uracil instead of thymine, involved in protein synthesis.
What are the three main types of RNA and their functions?
mRNA carries genetic code to ribosomes; tRNA brings amino acids during translation; rRNA forms the structural/catalytic core of ribosomes.
What is gene expression and its two main steps?
The process by which genetic information is used to synthesize a functional product (protein). Steps: transcription (DNA→mRNA) and translation (mRNA→protein).
List the fat-soluble vitamins and one deficiency disease for each.
A (night blindness/xerophthalmia), D (rickets/osteomalacia), E (hemolytic anemia/neuropathy), K (bleeding/poor clotting).
List the water-soluble vitamins and a key deficiency.
B1 (beriberi), B2, B3/niacin (pellagra), B5, B6, B7/biotin, B9/folate (megaloblastic anemia/neural tube defects), B12 (pernicious anemia), and C (scurvy).
Why is vitamin C important for dental and connective tissue health?
Vitamin C is a cofactor for prolyl/lysyl hydroxylase needed for collagen synthesis; deficiency causes scurvy with bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and weak dentin/bone.
What is the role of vitamin D and calcium/phosphate in mineralization?
Vitamin D (calcitriol) promotes intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintaining serum levels needed for hydroxyapatite formation in bones and teeth.
Name key macrominerals and trace elements and a function of each.
Macrominerals: calcium and phosphorus (bone/tooth mineralization), sodium/potassium (fluid balance). Trace: iron (hemoglobin), iodine (thyroid hormones), fluoride (enamel resistance to caries), zinc (enzyme cofactor).
What is BMR and how is energy balance defined?
Basal Metabolic Rate is the energy expended at complete rest to maintain vital functions. Energy balance = energy intake vs expenditure; positive balance causes weight gain, negative balance causes weight loss.
What this deck covers
The Biochemistry deck follows the NEET MDS Biochemistry syllabus — 8 chapters and 23 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 6.4 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 151 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biochemistry flashcards FAQ
How many Biochemistry flashcards are in this NEET MDS deck?
51 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these NEET MDS flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 51-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biochemistry cards cover?
They follow the NEET MDS Biochemistry syllabus — 8 chapters and 23 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.