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NEET MDS Biochemistry Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of Biochemistry examined in NEET MDS — 8 chapters, 23 topics and 75 sub-topics, plus 51 flashcards written against it.
Biochemistry syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biochemistry in NEET MDS, not a summary of it.
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Introduction to Biochemistry
2 topics- Scope and Importance
- Definition of Biochemistry
- Applications in Medicine
- Historical Development
- Cell Structure and Functions
- Cell Membrane
- Organelles
- Cytoskeleton
- Scope and Importance
-
Proteins
3 topics- Amino Acids
- Structure and Classification
- Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
- Peptide Bonds
- Protein Structure
- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
- Protein Function
- Enzymes
- Transport Proteins
- Structural Proteins
- Signaling Proteins
- Amino Acids
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Enzymes
3 topics- Classification
- Oxidoreductases
- Transferases
- Hydrolases
- Lyases
- Isomerases
- Ligases
- Mechanism of Action
- Active Site
- Enzyme-Substrate Complex
- Catalytic Mechanisms
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Temperature
- pH
- Substrate Concentration
- Inhibitors
- Classification
-
Carbohydrates
3 topics- Classification
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogen Metabolism
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Regulation
- Hormonal Regulation
- Allosteric Regulation
- Classification
-
Lipids
3 topics- Classification
- Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Metabolism
- Beta-Oxidation
- Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Cholesterol Metabolism
- Lipoprotein Metabolism
- Clinical Aspects
- Hyperlipidemia
- Atherosclerosis
- Obesity
- Classification
-
Nucleic Acids
3 topics- DNA Structure and Function
- Double Helix
- DNA Replication
- DNA Repair
- RNA Structure and Function
- Types of RNA
- Transcription
- RNA Processing
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Code
- Translation
- Regulation of Gene Expression
- DNA Structure and Function
-
Vitamins and Minerals
3 topics- Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
- Water-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin B Complex
- Vitamin C
- Minerals
- Macrominerals
- Microminerals
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins
-
Metabolism Integration
3 topics- Energy Balance
- ATP
- Energy Yield of Macronutrients
- Metabolic Pathways
- Catabolic Pathways
- Anabolic Pathways
- Hormonal Regulation
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Thyroid Hormones
- Energy Balance
Biochemistry flashcards for NEET MDS
19 of 51 cards from the Biochemistry deck — real questions with worked answers.
What is biochemistry and why is it important in dentistry?
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes and molecules within living organisms. In dentistry it explains tooth/bone mineralization, salivary composition, caries, collagen of periodontium, and metabolic/nutritional disorders affecting oral health.
Name the four major classes of biomolecules in the human body.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Which cell organelle is the 'powerhouse of the cell' and what is its main function?
The mitochondrion; it carries out oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP via the electron transport chain and TCA cycle.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum vs the smooth ER?
Rough ER (studded with ribosomes) synthesizes and folds secretory/membrane proteins; smooth ER synthesizes lipids/steroids, detoxifies drugs, and stores calcium.
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing acid hydrolases that digest intracellular and engulfed material (autophagy, phagocytosis); they function at an acidic pH (~5).
What model describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
The fluid mosaic model: a phospholipid bilayer with embedded integral and peripheral proteins that move laterally, with cholesterol and glycoproteins.
What is the general structure of an amino acid?
A central alpha-carbon bonded to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain (R group).
How many standard amino acids exist and how are they grouped by R-group polarity?
20 standard amino acids, grouped as nonpolar (hydrophobic), polar uncharged, acidic (negatively charged), and basic (positively charged).
List the essential amino acids.
Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine (semi-essential), Leucine, Lysine (mnemonic: PVT TIM HALL).
What is the isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid?
The pH at which the amino acid carries no net charge (exists as a zwitterion); pI = average of the two pKa values flanking the neutral species.
What is a peptide bond and which reaction forms it?
A peptide bond is an amide linkage between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, formed by a dehydration (condensation) reaction.
Describe the four levels of protein structure.
Primary = amino acid sequence; Secondary = local folding (alpha-helix, beta-sheet) via H-bonds; Tertiary = overall 3D fold of a polypeptide; Quaternary = assembly of multiple subunits.
What bonds stabilize the tertiary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic (salt) bridges, disulfide bonds, and van der Waals forces.
What is protein denaturation?
Loss of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (without breaking peptide bonds) due to heat, pH, or chemicals, leading to loss of biological function.
Compare alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet.
Alpha-helix: right-handed coil stabilized by intrachain H-bonds (e.g., keratin). Beta-sheet: extended strands stabilized by interchain/intrachain H-bonds, can be parallel or antiparallel (e.g., silk fibroin).
Give an example of a fibrous protein and a globular protein with their functions.
Fibrous: collagen (structural support in connective tissue, dentin, bone). Globular: hemoglobin (oxygen transport).
What is the function of hemoglobin and how does the Bohr effect affect it?
Hemoglobin transports O2 from lungs to tissues and CO2 back. Bohr effect: increased CO2/H+ (lower pH) decreases Hb's affinity for O2, promoting O2 release in tissues.
What are enzymes and what is their basic nature?
Enzymes are biological catalysts, mostly proteins (some RNA = ribozymes), that lower activation energy and accelerate reactions without being consumed.
What are the six IUBMB classes of enzymes?
Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, and Ligases.
Planning Biochemistry for NEET MDS
Biochemistry is about 4% of the NEET MDS syllabus by topic count — 23 of 606 topics, spread over 8 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 30 hours.
The heaviest chapters are Proteins (3 topics), Enzymes (3 topics), Carbohydrates (3 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
Biochemistry (NEET MDS) FAQ
What is in the NEET MDS Biochemistry syllabus?
Biochemistry is split into 8 chapters — Introduction to Biochemistry, Proteins, Enzymes, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids, and 2 more, containing 23 topics and 75 sub-topics in total.
How is Biochemistry structured in the NEET MDS syllabus?
8 chapters. Biochemistry accounts for about 4% of the topics in the whole NEET MDS syllabus (23 of 606).
How long should I spend on Biochemistry for NEET MDS?
Budget around 30 hours for a first pass through Biochemistry — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 23 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for NEET MDS Biochemistry?
Yes — a 51-card Biochemistry deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.