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NEET MDS General Physiology Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of General Physiology examined in NEET MDS — 10 chapters, 43 topics and 105 sub-topics, plus 62 flashcards written against it.
General Physiology syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for General Physiology in NEET MDS, not a summary of it.
-
Cell Physiology
3 topics- Cell Structure
- Cell Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Cell Functions
- Transport Mechanisms
- Cell Signaling
- Cell Division
- Membrane Potential
- Resting Membrane Potential
- Action Potential
- Cell Structure
-
Blood and Immune System
4 topics- Blood Composition
- Plasma
- Blood Cells
- Hemostasis
- Coagulation Cascade
- Platelet Function
- Immune Response
- Innate Immunity
- Adaptive Immunity
- Blood Groups
- ABO System
- Rh System
- Blood Composition
-
Cardiovascular System
4 topics- Heart Anatomy
- Chambers of the Heart
- Heart Valves
- Cardiac Cycle
- Phases of Cardiac Cycle
- Heart Sounds
- Electrophysiology
- Cardiac Action Potential
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Hemodynamics
- Blood Pressure
- Blood Flow
- Heart Anatomy
-
Respiratory System
4 topics- Respiratory Anatomy
- Upper Respiratory Tract
- Lower Respiratory Tract
- Mechanics of Breathing
- Inspiration
- Expiration
- Gas Exchange
- Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Transport of Gases
- Regulation of Respiration
- Neural Regulation
- Chemical Regulation
- Respiratory Anatomy
-
Nervous System
5 topics- Neuroanatomy
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Neurophysiology
- Synaptic Transmission
- Neurotransmitters
- Sensory Systems
- Somatosensory System
- Visual System
- Auditory System
- Olfactory System
- Gustatory System
- Motor Systems
- Motor Cortex
- Basal Ganglia
- Cerebellum
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Neuroanatomy
-
Endocrine System
6 topics- Hormone Classification
- Peptide Hormones
- Steroid Hormones
- Amino Acid Derivatives
- Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
- Hypothalamic Hormones
- Pituitary Hormones
- Thyroid Gland
- Thyroid Hormones
- Regulation of Thyroid Function
- Adrenal Glands
- Adrenal Cortex
- Adrenal Medulla
- Pancreas
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Reproductive Hormones
- Male Reproductive Hormones
- Female Reproductive Hormones
- Hormone Classification
-
Renal System
4 topics- Kidney Anatomy
- Nephron Structure
- Renal Blood Flow
- Urine Formation
- Glomerular Filtration
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
- Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Water Balance
- Electrolyte Balance
- Acid-Base Balance
- Buffer Systems
- Respiratory Regulation
- Renal Regulation
- Kidney Anatomy
-
Digestive System
4 topics- Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy
- Mouth and Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Digestive Processes
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Mechanical Digestion
- Chemical Digestion
- Absorption
- Defecation
- Accessory Digestive Organs
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Gallbladder
- Regulation of Digestion
- Neural Regulation
- Hormonal Regulation
- Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy
-
Musculoskeletal System
4 topics- Muscle Physiology
- Skeletal Muscle
- Cardiac Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Mechanics of Muscle Contraction
- Sliding Filament Theory
- Neuromuscular Junction
- Bone Physiology
- Bone Structure
- Bone Remodeling
- Joints and Movement
- Types of Joints
- Joint Movements
- Muscle Physiology
-
Special Senses
5 topics- Vision
- Anatomy of the Eye
- Phototransduction
- Visual Pathways
- Hearing
- Anatomy of the Ear
- Mechanics of Hearing
- Auditory Pathways
- Taste
- Taste Buds
- Taste Pathways
- Smell
- Olfactory Epithelium
- Olfactory Pathways
- Equilibrium
- Vestibular Apparatus
- Balance Pathways
- Vision
General Physiology flashcards for NEET MDS
19 of 62 cards from the General Physiology deck — real questions with worked answers.
What is the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?
A model describing the membrane as a fluid phospholipid bilayer with proteins (integral and peripheral) embedded in or attached to it, allowing lateral movement of lipids and proteins.
Which organelle is the site of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation?
The mitochondrion (inner mitochondrial membrane, via the electron transport chain).
What are the main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum versus the smooth ER?
Rough ER (studded with ribosomes) synthesizes and processes proteins; smooth ER synthesizes lipids/steroids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.
What type of cell junction prevents leakage of substances between epithelial cells?
Tight junctions (zonula occludens).
What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron, and which ion gradient mainly determines it?
About -70 mV; it is primarily set by the potassium (K+) concentration gradient and the membrane's high resting permeability to K+.
What maintains the Na+ and K+ gradients across the cell membrane?
The Na+/K+-ATPase pump, which extrudes 3 Na+ and imports 2 K+ per ATP hydrolyzed.
Define depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization.
Depolarization = membrane potential becomes less negative (toward 0); repolarization = return toward resting negative value; hyperpolarization = membrane becomes more negative than resting.
What is the normal composition of blood by volume (plasma vs formed elements)?
About 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (mainly RBCs); the RBC fraction is the hematocrit (~40-45%).
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
1) Vascular spasm (vasoconstriction), 2) platelet plug formation, 3) coagulation (blood clotting forming a fibrin mesh).
What is the final common pathway of the coagulation cascade?
Prothrombin (factor II) is converted to thrombin, which converts fibrinogen (factor I) to fibrin, stabilized by factor XIII.
What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
Innate immunity is nonspecific, immediate, and lacks memory (barriers, phagocytes, complement); adaptive immunity is specific, slower, and has memory (T and B lymphocytes).
What is the difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?
Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells producing antibodies against extracellular pathogens; cell-mediated immunity uses T cells (especially cytotoxic T cells) against intracellular pathogens.
In the ABO blood group system, which antibodies does a person with blood type A have?
Anti-B antibodies (they have A antigens on RBCs and produce antibodies against the B antigen).
Why is blood type O negative the universal donor and AB positive the universal recipient?
O negative RBCs have no A, B, or Rh antigens to trigger recipient antibodies; AB positive plasma has no anti-A, anti-B, or anti-Rh antibodies, so it accepts all types.
What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis)?
An Rh-negative mother sensitized to Rh+ blood produces anti-Rh (anti-D) IgG antibodies that cross the placenta and destroy the RBCs of a subsequent Rh-positive fetus.
Name the four chambers and four valves of the heart.
Chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. Valves: tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral (bicuspid), and aortic.
Trace the normal pathway of cardiac electrical conduction.
SA node → AV node → bundle of His → right and left bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
What are the two main phases of the cardiac cycle?
Systole (ventricular contraction and ejection) and diastole (ventricular relaxation and filling).
What do the heart sounds S1 and S2 represent?
S1 ('lub') = closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves at start of systole; S2 ('dub') = closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves at start of diastole.
Planning General Physiology for NEET MDS
General Physiology is about 7% of the NEET MDS syllabus by topic count — 43 of 606 topics, spread over 10 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 55 hours.
The heaviest chapters are Endocrine System (6 topics), Nervous System (5 topics), Special Senses (5 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
General Physiology (NEET MDS) FAQ
What is in the NEET MDS General Physiology syllabus?
General Physiology is split into 10 chapters — Cell Physiology, Blood and Immune System, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Nervous System and Endocrine System, and 4 more, containing 43 topics and 105 sub-topics in total.
How is General Physiology structured in the NEET MDS syllabus?
10 chapters. General Physiology accounts for about 7% of the topics in the whole NEET MDS syllabus (43 of 606).
How long should I spend on General Physiology for NEET MDS?
Budget around 55 hours for a first pass through General Physiology — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 43 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for NEET MDS General Physiology?
Yes — a 62-card General Physiology deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.