NEET MDS General Medicine Syllabus

General Medicine syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for General Medicine in NEET MDS, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Cardiology

   4 topics

   • Ischemic Heart Disease
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
     • Complications
   • Heart Failure
     • Types
     • Etiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Arrhythmias
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Hypertension
     • Classification
     • Etiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
2. 2

   Pulmonology

   4 topics

   • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Asthma
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Pneumonia
     • Types
     • Etiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Pulmonary Embolism
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
3. 3

   Gastroenterology

   4 topics

   • Peptic Ulcer Disease
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Liver Cirrhosis
     • Etiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Complications
     • Management
   • Hepatitis
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
4. 4

   Neurology

   4 topics

   • Stroke
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Epilepsy
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Parkinson's Disease
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Multiple Sclerosis
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
5. 5

   Nephrology

   4 topics

   • Acute Kidney Injury
     • Etiology
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Chronic Kidney Disease
     • Etiology
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Glomerulonephritis
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Nephrotic Syndrome
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
6. 6

   Endocrinology

   4 topics

   • Diabetes Mellitus
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
     • Complications
   • Thyroid Disorders
     • Hyperthyroidism
     • Hypothyroidism
     • Thyroiditis
     • Thyroid Nodules
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Adrenal Disorders
     • Cushing's Syndrome
     • Addison's Disease
     • Adrenal Insufficiency
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Pituitary Disorders
     • Acromegaly
     • Pituitary Adenomas
     • Hypopituitarism
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
7. 7

   Hematology

   4 topics

   • Anemia
     • Types
     • Etiology
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Leukemia
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Lymphoma
     • Types
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Coagulation Disorders
     • Hemophilia
     • Von Willebrand Disease
     • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
8. 8

   Rheumatology

   4 topics

   • Rheumatoid Arthritis
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Gout
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Scleroderma
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
9. 9

   Infectious Diseases

   4 topics

   • HIV/AIDS
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
     • Complications
   • Tuberculosis
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Malaria
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management
   • Dengue Fever
     • Pathophysiology
     • Clinical Features
     • Diagnosis
     • Management

General Medicine flashcards for NEET MDS

20 of 60 cards from the General Medicine deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In acute coronary syndrome, what ECG finding distinguishes STEMI from NSTEMI/unstable angina?

   STEMI shows persistent ST-segment elevation (≥1 mm in ≥2 contiguous limb leads or ≥2 mm in precordial leads) reflecting complete coronary occlusion; NSTEMI/unstable angina show ST depression or T-wave inversion without ST elevation.

2. Which cardiac biomarker is most sensitive and specific for myocardial infarction, and when does it rise and peak?

   Cardiac troponin (I or T): rises within 3-4 hours of injury, peaks at 24-48 hours, and stays elevated for up to 7-14 days.

3. What is the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification of heart failure?

   Class I: no limitation of activity; Class II: slight limitation, symptoms with ordinary activity; Class III: marked limitation, symptoms with less-than-ordinary activity; Class IV: symptoms at rest.

4. How is ejection fraction used to classify heart failure?

   HFrEF (reduced) = LVEF ≤40%; HFmrEF (mildly reduced) = LVEF 41-49%; HFpEF (preserved) = LVEF ≥50%.

5. Which four drug classes form the guideline-directed medical therapy ('four pillars') for HFrEF?

   ARNI/ACE inhibitor (or ARB), beta-blocker, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (e.g., spironolactone), and SGLT2 inhibitor.

6. What ECG features define atrial fibrillation?

   Absence of distinct P waves, an irregularly irregular R-R interval, and a fibrillatory baseline.

7. What does the CHA2DS2-VASc score estimate, and which components are worth 2 points?

   It estimates stroke risk in atrial fibrillation to guide anticoagulation. The 2-point components are Age ≥75 and prior Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism.

8. What is the immediate management of a pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation?

   Immediate unsynchronized defibrillation (shock) plus high-quality CPR, following the ACLS cardiac arrest algorithm.

9. What are the blood pressure thresholds defining hypertension stages per ACC/AHA 2017?

   Normal <120/<80; Elevated 120-129/<80; Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89; Stage 2: ≥140 or ≥90 mmHg.

10. List four common causes of secondary hypertension.

    Renal parenchymal disease, renal artery stenosis, primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's), pheochromocytoma; others include Cushing's syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, and obstructive sleep apnea.

11. What spirometry finding confirms COPD, and which value grades severity?

    A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio <0.70 confirms persistent airflow limitation; the FEV1 % predicted grades severity (GOLD 1-4).

12. Compare 'pink puffers' and 'blue bloaters' in COPD.

    Pink puffers (emphysema-predominant): thin, dyspneic, near-normal blood gases, pursed-lip breathing. Blue bloaters (chronic bronchitis-predominant): cyanotic, hypoxemic/hypercapnic, edematous (cor pulmonale), productive cough.

13. What is the hallmark reversibility criterion that distinguishes asthma from fixed COPD obstruction?

    Asthma shows reversible airflow obstruction: an increase in FEV1 of ≥12% and ≥200 mL after bronchodilator.

14. What is the first-line long-term controller therapy for persistent asthma?

    Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), often combined with a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) for moderate-to-severe disease.

15. What is the CURB-65 score used for in pneumonia, and what are its components?

    It assesses community-acquired pneumonia severity/mortality: Confusion, Urea >7 mmol/L, Respiratory rate ≥30, Blood pressure <90 systolic or ≤60 diastolic, Age ≥65. Higher scores indicate need for hospital/ICU care.

16. What is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

    Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).

17. What is the most common ECG finding in pulmonary embolism, and what is the classic (but uncommon) pattern?

    Sinus tachycardia is most common. The classic but infrequent pattern is S1Q3T3 (deep S in lead I, Q wave and inverted T in lead III).

18. Which scoring system rules out pulmonary embolism, and what is the role of D-dimer?

    The Wells score stratifies PE probability; in low-probability patients a negative D-dimer effectively excludes PE, while high probability warrants CT pulmonary angiography.

19. What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease, and what is the second most common?

    Helicobacter pylori infection is most common; NSAID use is the second most common cause.

20. How do duodenal and gastric ulcer pain patterns classically differ with food?

    Duodenal ulcer pain is relieved by food and worsens 2-3 hours after eating (hunger pain, often nocturnal); gastric ulcer pain is typically worsened by food.

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