GPAT Pharmaceutical Management Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Pharmaceutical Management deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. Define organizational structure.

   Organizational structure is the formal framework that defines how job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated—specifying reporting relationships, authority, span of control, and chain of command.

2. Differentiate line, functional, and matrix organizational structures.

   Line: direct vertical authority, simple chain of command. Functional: grouping by specialized function with functional experts. Matrix: dual reporting combining functional and project/product authority.

3. What is 'span of control'?

   The number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise. A narrow span creates a tall structure with many levels; a wide span creates a flat structure with few levels.

4. Define organizational culture.

   The shared values, beliefs, norms, assumptions, and behaviors that characterize an organization and guide how its members interact and work.

5. What are the three levels of organizational culture per Edgar Schein?

   Artifacts (visible structures, symbols, dress), Espoused values (stated strategies, goals, philosophies), and Basic underlying assumptions (unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs).

6. What is the WTO and when was it established?

   The World Trade Organization, established on 1 January 1995 (succeeding GATT), is the global body that regulates and liberalizes international trade among member nations.

7. What is the TRIPS agreement and how does it affect pharma?

   Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights—a WTO agreement mandating product patents (20-year term). It required India to grant product patents from 2005, ending reverse engineering of patented drugs and affecting generic production.

8. How did the WTO/TRIPS agreement impact the Indian pharmaceutical industry?

   Forced a shift from process patents (1970 Act) to product patents (2005), requiring 20-year protection, encouraging R&D and innovation, raising prices of patented drugs, and promoting contract research and outsourcing.

9. Name key regulatory authorities governing the Indian pharmaceutical industry.

   CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organization) headed by DCGI, State Drug Control Authorities, Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), NPPA (pricing), and the US-FDA/WHO for exports.

10. What is the role of the DCGI in India?

    The Drugs Controller General of India (head of CDSCO) approves new drugs and clinical trials, sets standards for drugs, and is the central licensing authority for certain categories of drugs and devices.

11. Name important pharmaceutical quality standards/guidelines.

    GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices, Schedule M in India), GLP, GCP, GDP, ICH guidelines, WHO-GMP, ISO 9001, and pharmacopoeial standards (IP, BP, USP).

12. What was GATT and when did it come into force?

    The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, a multilateral treaty effective 1948, aimed at reducing tariffs and trade barriers; it was replaced by the WTO in 1995 after the Uruguay Round.

13. What was the Uruguay Round of GATT significant for?

    The Uruguay Round (1986-1994) led to the creation of the WTO and introduced agreements on services (GATS), intellectual property (TRIPS), and agriculture.

14. Define market segmentation and its main bases.

    Dividing a heterogeneous market into homogeneous sub-groups of consumers. Main bases: Geographic, Demographic, Psychographic (lifestyle), and Behavioral (usage, benefits sought).

15. What does STP stand for in marketing?

    Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning—the strategic sequence of dividing the market, selecting target segments, and creating a distinct image in consumers' minds.

16. What is consumer behavior analysis?

    The study of how individuals/groups select, buy, use, and dispose of goods and services, including the psychological, social, cultural, and personal factors influencing their purchase decisions.

17. What are the five stages of the consumer buying decision process?

    Need/problem recognition → Information search → Evaluation of alternatives → Purchase decision → Post-purchase behavior.

18. List the main leadership styles (Lewin's classification).

    Autocratic (leader decides alone), Democratic/Participative (involves the group), and Laissez-faire (free-rein, minimal direction).

19. What does the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid measure?

    It plots leadership styles on two axes—concern for people vs concern for production—identifying styles like Impoverished (1,1), Country Club (1,9), Task/Authority (9,1), Middle-of-road (5,5), and Team (9,9, ideal).

20. State Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order.

    Physiological → Safety → Social (love/belonging) → Esteem → Self-actualization. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher ones motivate.

21. What are the two factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

    Hygiene factors (salary, working conditions, policy)—their absence causes dissatisfaction but presence doesn't motivate; and Motivators (achievement, recognition, growth, responsibility)—which produce satisfaction and motivation.

22. What does McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y describe?

    Two assumptions about workers: Theory X assumes employees dislike work and need coercion/control; Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated, seek responsibility, and enjoy work.

23. What are the three needs in McClelland's Theory of Needs?

    Need for Achievement (nAch), Need for Power (nPow), and Need for Affiliation (nAff).

24. What is Vroom's Expectancy Theory of motivation?

    Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence. Effort leads to performance (expectancy), performance leads to reward (instrumentality), and the reward is valued (valence).

What this deck covers

Pharmaceutical Management flashcards FAQ