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GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
63 question-and-answer cards covering Human Anatomy and Physiology as it is examined in GPAT. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Human Anatomy and Physiology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the main function of red blood cells and the protein involved?
To transport oxygen (and some carbon dioxide), using the protein hemoglobin.
What is the function of platelets (thrombocytes)?
They are essential for blood clotting (hemostasis) by aggregating and releasing clotting factors at sites of injury.
In the ABO blood group system, which is the universal donor and which is the universal recipient?
Type O negative is the universal donor; type AB positive is the universal recipient.
What antigens and antibodies are present in blood type A?
Blood type A has A antigens on red cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
What is the function of the retina and which cells detect light?
The retina is the light-sensitive layer of the eye; rods detect dim light/black-and-white and cones detect color and detail.
What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering and which structure focuses light onto the retina?
The iris (via the pupil) controls light entry; the lens (with the cornea) focuses light onto the retina.
What are the three small bones (ossicles) of the middle ear and their function?
Malleus, incus, and stapes; they amplify and transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
Which structure of the inner ear is responsible for hearing and which for balance?
The cochlea is responsible for hearing; the semicircular canals (and vestibule) are responsible for balance/equilibrium.
What are the five basic taste sensations detected by taste buds?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.
Why are taste and smell considered chemical senses, and where are smell receptors located?
Both detect dissolved or airborne chemical molecules; smell (olfactory) receptors are located in the olfactory epithelium in the upper nasal cavity.
Name three types of sensory receptors in the skin and what each detects.
Meissner's corpuscles (light touch), Pacinian corpuscles (deep pressure/vibration), and free nerve endings (pain and temperature).
What are the two main types of bone tissue and how do they differ?
Compact (cortical) bone is dense and forms the outer layer; spongy (cancellous) bone is porous, lighter, and found at bone ends and contains red marrow.
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Support, protection of organs, movement (with muscles), mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus), and blood cell production (hematopoiesis).
What are the main types of synovial joints? Give an example of each.
Ball-and-socket (hip/shoulder), hinge (elbow/knee), pivot (atlas-axis), gliding (wrist), saddle (thumb), and condyloid (wrist/knuckles).
What are the four major lobes of the cerebrum and one function of each?
Frontal (movement, reasoning), parietal (sensation), temporal (hearing, memory), and occipital (vision).
What is the function of the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata?
The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance; the medulla oblongata controls vital autonomic functions like heart rate and breathing.
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and what are the two types of nerve roots?
31 pairs of spinal nerves; the dorsal (posterior) root carries sensory input and the ventral (anterior) root carries motor output.
What is a reflex arc?
The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action: receptor, sensory neuron, integration center (spinal cord), motor neuron, and effector, allowing a rapid involuntary response.
What is the function of the neurotransmitter dopamine, and which disease is linked to its deficiency?
Dopamine regulates movement, reward, and motivation; its deficiency in the substantia nigra causes Parkinson's disease.
What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters? Give an example of each.
Excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate) increase the likelihood of a nerve impulse; inhibitory ones (e.g., GABA) decrease it.
What is the functional unit of the kidney and roughly how many are in each kidney?
The nephron; there are about 1 million nephrons per kidney.
What are the three main processes of urine formation?
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
Where does glomerular filtration occur and what hormone regulates water reabsorption?
Filtration occurs in the glomerulus (within Bowman's capsule); antidiuretic hormone (ADH/vasopressin) regulates water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
What is the normal pathway of urine from kidney to elimination?
Nephron/collecting ducts to renal pelvis to ureter to urinary bladder to urethra.
What this deck covers
The Human Anatomy and Physiology deck follows the GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology syllabus — 13 chapters and 30 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 4.8 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 113 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Human Anatomy and Physiology flashcards FAQ
How many Human Anatomy and Physiology flashcards are in this GPAT deck?
63 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these GPAT flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 63-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Human Anatomy and Physiology cards cover?
They follow the GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology syllabus — 13 chapters and 30 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.