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GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of Human Anatomy and Physiology examined in GPAT — 13 chapters, 30 topics and 9 sub-topics, plus 63 flashcards written against it.
Human Anatomy and Physiology syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Human Anatomy and Physiology in GPAT, not a summary of it.
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Cell Physiology
3 topics- Cell Structure and Function
- Cellular Metabolism
- Cellular Transport Mechanisms
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Endocrine Glands
2 topics- Hormones and their Functions
- Endocrine Disorders
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Reproductive System
2 topics- Male Reproductive System
- Anatomy of Male Reproductive System
- Physiology of Male Reproductive System
- Female Reproductive System
- Anatomy of Female Reproductive System
- Physiology of Female Reproductive System
- Male Reproductive System
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Gastrointestinal Tract
2 topics- Digestive System
- Mouth and Oral Cavity
- Esophagus and Stomach
- Small and Large Intestine
- Accessory Organs of Digestion
- Liver and Pancreas
- Gallbladder
- Digestive System
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Respiratory System
2 topics- Anatomy of Respiratory System
- Physiology of Respiratory System
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Autonomic Nervous System
2 topics- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Cardiovascular System
2 topics- Heart and Blood Vessels
- Blood Circulation
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Lymphatic System
2 topics- Lymph Nodes and Lymphatic Vessels
- Immune Response
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The Blood
2 topics- Blood Composition
- Blood Types
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Sense Organs
4 topics- Vision and Eye Structure
- Hearing and Ear Structure
- Taste and Smell
- Touch and Skin Receptors
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Skeletal System
2 topics- Bone Structure and Function
- Joints and Movement
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Central Nervous System
3 topics- Brain Anatomy
- Spinal Cord and Nerves
- Neurotransmitters
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Urinary System
2 topics- Kidney Structure and Function
- Urine Formation and Excretion
Human Anatomy and Physiology flashcards for GPAT
22 of 63 cards from the Human Anatomy and Physiology deck — real questions with worked answers.
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
They are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration).
Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis, and which type is bound to the rough ER?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins; ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum produce proteins for secretion or membranes.
What are the three stages of cellular (aerobic) respiration and where does each occur?
Glycolysis (cytoplasm), Krebs/citric acid cycle (mitochondrial matrix), and the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation (inner mitochondrial membrane).
How many net ATP molecules are produced from the complete aerobic oxidation of one glucose molecule (classical estimate)?
About 36-38 ATP (commonly cited as 38).
What is the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?
Passive transport moves substances down a concentration gradient without energy (e.g., diffusion, osmosis); active transport moves substances against the gradient and requires ATP (e.g., Na+/K+ pump).
What does the sodium-potassium (Na+/K+) pump do, and what is its stoichiometry?
It actively pumps 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ in, using one ATP, maintaining the resting membrane potential.
Define osmosis.
The passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis brings substances into the cell by engulfing them in vesicles; exocytosis expels substances out of the cell by fusing vesicles with the membrane.
Which gland is called the 'master gland' and what regulates it?
The anterior pituitary; it is regulated by the hypothalamus via releasing and inhibiting hormones.
Which hormone lowers blood glucose and which raises it, and where are they produced?
Insulin lowers blood glucose and glucagon raises it; both are produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (beta and alpha cells respectively).
What hormone does the thyroid gland produce and what is its main function?
Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate basal metabolic rate; the thyroid also produces calcitonin to lower blood calcium.
What causes Diabetes mellitus type 1 versus type 2?
Type 1 results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells causing insulin deficiency; type 2 results from insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency.
What endocrine disorders result from excess and deficiency of growth hormone in adults and children?
Excess causes gigantism (children) or acromegaly (adults); deficiency causes dwarfism in children.
What conditions are caused by hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism causes Graves' disease (weight loss, tachycardia); hypothyroidism causes myxedema in adults and cretinism in children.
What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?
To produce sperm (spermatogenesis) and secrete testosterone.
Where does sperm mature and what is the function of the seminal vesicles?
Sperm mature in the epididymis; the seminal vesicles secrete fructose-rich fluid that nourishes sperm and forms much of the semen volume.
What are the main functions of the ovaries?
To produce ova (oogenesis) and secrete the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.
What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle and which hormone triggers ovulation?
Menstrual, follicular (proliferative), ovulation, and luteal (secretory) phases; ovulation is triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH).
What is the correct order of the segments of the digestive tract from mouth to anus?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (colon), rectum, anus.
Where is most nutrient absorption carried out and by what structures?
In the small intestine, through villi and microvilli that greatly increase surface area.
What are the accessory organs of digestion and one key function of each?
Salivary glands (secrete amylase), liver (produces bile), gallbladder (stores/concentrates bile), and pancreas (secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate).
What is the function of bile and where is it produced and stored?
Bile emulsifies fats to aid digestion; it is produced by the liver and stored/concentrated in the gallbladder.
Planning Human Anatomy and Physiology for GPAT
Human Anatomy and Physiology is about 10% of the GPAT syllabus by topic count — 30 of 289 topics, spread over 13 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 25 hours.
The heaviest chapters are Sense Organs (4 topics), Cell Physiology (3 topics), Central Nervous System (3 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
Human Anatomy and Physiology (GPAT) FAQ
What is in the GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology syllabus?
Human Anatomy and Physiology is split into 13 chapters — Cell Physiology, Endocrine Glands, Reproductive System, Gastrointestinal Tract, Respiratory System and Autonomic Nervous System, and 7 more, containing 30 topics and 9 sub-topics in total.
How is Human Anatomy and Physiology structured in the GPAT syllabus?
13 chapters. Human Anatomy and Physiology accounts for about 10% of the topics in the whole GPAT syllabus (30 of 289).
How long should I spend on Human Anatomy and Physiology for GPAT?
Budget around 25 hours for a first pass through Human Anatomy and Physiology — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 30 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for GPAT Human Anatomy and Physiology?
Yes — a 63-card Human Anatomy and Physiology deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.