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GPAT Pharmaceutics Flashcards
78 question-and-answer cards covering Pharmaceutics as it is examined in GPAT. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Pharmaceutics deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
State the Arrhenius equation and its use in stability/accelerated studies.
k = A·e^(−Ea/RT), where k = rate constant, A = frequency factor, Ea = activation energy, R = gas constant, T = absolute temperature. It relates reaction rate to temperature, allowing prediction of shelf life from accelerated (elevated temperature) studies.
What are the ICH long-term and accelerated stability storage conditions (Zone IVb / general)?
Long-term: typically 25°C/60% RH (or 30°C/65-75% RH for hot-humid zones). Accelerated: 40°C/75% RH for 6 months. Intermediate: 30°C/65% RH.
What is the primary function of packaging materials in pharmaceuticals?
To protect the product from environmental factors (moisture, light, oxygen, microbes, mechanical damage), ensure stability and identification, provide convenience, and maintain product integrity until use.
Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging.
Primary packaging is in direct contact with the product (e.g., blister, vial, bottle). Secondary packaging holds primary packs (e.g., carton). Tertiary packaging is for bulk transport/storage (e.g., shipping cartons, pallets).
Classify glass used in pharmaceutical containers (Types I-IV).
Type I: borosilicate (highly resistant, for parenterals/buffered). Type II: treated soda-lime (de-alkalized, for acidic/neutral parenterals). Type III: regular soda-lime (non-parenteral/powders). Type IV (NP): general-purpose soda-lime for non-parenteral oral/topical.
What are biological products in pharmacy?
Biological products are preparations derived from living organisms used for prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of disease, such as vaccines, sera (antisera), antitoxins, toxoids, blood products, and antibiotics produced by microorganisms.
Differentiate active and passive immunization with examples.
Active immunization stimulates the body to produce its own antibodies (vaccines, toxoids) giving slow but long-lasting immunity. Passive immunization provides preformed antibodies (antisera, immunoglobulins, antitoxins) giving immediate but short-lived immunity.
Differentiate a vaccine, a toxoid, and an antitoxin.
A vaccine contains attenuated/killed organisms or antigens to induce active immunity. A toxoid is an inactivated (detoxified) bacterial toxin used to induce active immunity (e.g., tetanus toxoid). An antitoxin is a preformed antibody against a toxin used for passive immunity.
What is an allergenic extract and its use?
Allergenic extracts are preparations of allergens (from pollens, molds, dust, foods, animal danders) used for diagnosis (skin testing) and treatment (desensitization/immunotherapy) of allergic conditions.
What is a crude extract / crude drug?
A crude drug is a natural product (plant, animal, or mineral) that has undergone only collection and drying with no further processing. A crude extract is a concentrated preparation obtained by treating crude drug with a solvent and removing it, containing the active constituents.
Classify pharmaceutical extracts based on consistency.
Liquid extracts (fluid extracts), Semisolid/soft extracts (pilular), and Dry/powdered extracts. They differ in the amount of solvent removed and resulting consistency.
What are allopathic dosage forms?
Allopathic dosage forms are the conventional modern-medicine preparations (tablets, capsules, injections, syrups, ointments, etc.) used in the allopathic (mainstream Western medicine) system to treat disease by counteracting symptoms.
Define cosmetics and distinguish from cosmeceuticals.
Cosmetics are articles applied to the body for cleansing, beautifying, or altering appearance without affecting structure/function (e.g., lipstick, shampoo). Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with active ingredients claiming therapeutic/biological benefits (e.g., anti-aging creams with retinoids).
Name the main types of cosmetic preparations with an example of each.
Skin care (creams, lotions), Hair care (shampoos, conditioners, dyes), Oral care (toothpaste, mouthwash), Decorative (lipstick, nail polish, eyeliner), and Fragrances (perfumes, deodorants).
What are the basic ingredients of a toothpaste (dentifrice)?
Abrasives/polishing agents (calcium carbonate, silica), Humectants (glycerin, sorbitol), Binders/thickeners, Surfactants/foaming agents (SLS), Sweeteners and flavors, and Therapeutic agents (fluoride for anticaries).
Define a Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS).
An NDDS is an advanced approach to delivering drugs that improves efficacy, safety, and patient compliance by controlling the rate, time, and/or site of drug release compared to conventional dosage forms.
Differentiate sustained-release and controlled-release dosage forms.
Sustained-release prolongs drug release to maintain therapeutic levels over an extended time but with some fluctuation. Controlled-release delivers the drug at a predetermined, constant (often zero-order) rate, maintaining steady plasma concentration independent of conditions.
Name common carrier/vesicular systems used in NDDS.
Liposomes, Niosomes, Nanoparticles, Microspheres, Nanoemulsions, Dendrimers, Transdermal patches, and Implants.
What is a liposome?
A liposome is a microscopic, spherical vesicle composed of one or more concentric phospholipid bilayers enclosing an aqueous core, capable of carrying both hydrophilic (in the core) and lipophilic (in the bilayer) drugs for targeted/controlled delivery.
Define powders as a dosage form and distinguish bulk vs divided powders.
Powders are dry mixtures of finely divided drugs and/or excipients for internal or external use. Bulk powders are supplied in multidose containers (patient measures dose, for non-potent drugs); Divided powders (chartulae) are individually wrapped single-dose units.
What is geometric dilution and why is it used in powder mixing?
Geometric dilution is mixing a small quantity of potent drug with an equal volume of diluent, then continuing to add diluent in increasing (doubling) amounts. It ensures uniform, homogeneous distribution of a small amount of potent drug throughout the mixture.
What is an effervescent powder/granule and how does it work?
Effervescent powders contain an acid source (citric/tartaric acid) and a base (sodium bicarbonate) that, when dissolved in water, react to release carbon dioxide, producing effervescence that improves palatability and aids dissolution.
What is an insufflation and a dusting powder?
An insufflation is a finely divided powder introduced into body cavities (ear, nose, throat) using an insufflator. A dusting powder is a fine external powder applied to the skin for lubricant, protective, antiseptic, or absorbent purposes.
What is the difference between disintegration and dissolution tests for tablets?
Disintegration measures the time for a tablet to break into smaller particles/granules in a fluid. Dissolution measures the rate and extent to which the drug actually goes into solution. Dissolution better correlates with bioavailability.
What this deck covers
The Pharmaceutics deck follows the GPAT Pharmaceutics syllabus — 3 chapters and 25 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 26.0 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 231 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Pharmaceutics flashcards FAQ
How many Pharmaceutics flashcards are in this GPAT deck?
78 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these GPAT flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 78-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Pharmaceutics cards cover?
They follow the GPAT Pharmaceutics syllabus — 3 chapters and 25 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.