UGC NET Physical Education Subject -II Syllabus

Subject -II syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Subject -II in UGC NET Physical Education, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Exercise Physiology

   13 topics

   • Scope and Importance in the Field of Physical Education and Sports
   • Cardio-Respiratory Adaptations to Long and Short Term Physical Activities
   • Muscle
     • Types, Characteristics, and Functions
     • Microscopic Structure of Muscle Fibre
     • Sliding Filament Theory of Muscular Contraction
     • Types of Muscle Fibres and Sports Performance
     • Muscular Adaptations to Exercise
   • Neuro-Muscular Junction and Transmission of Nerve Impulse
   • Kinesthetic Sense Organs and Neural Control of Motor Skills
   • Biochemical Aspects of Exercise
     • Metabolism of Food Products
     • Aerobic and Anaerobic Systems during Rest and Exercise
     • Direct and Indirect Methods of Measuring Energy Cost of Exercise
   • Recovery Process
     • Physiological Aspects of Fatigue
     • Restoration of Energy Stores
     • Recovery Oxygen
     • Nutritional Aspects of Performance
   • Environmental Influence on Human Physiology under Exercise
   • Women in Sports
     • Trainability
     • Physiological Gender Differences and Special Problems of Women Athletes
   • Aging
     • Physiological Consequences
     • Lifestyle Management and Healthful Aging
   • Physiological Responses of Various Therapeutic Modalities and Rehabilitation
   • Physiological Aspects of Various Ergogenic Aids
   • Massage Manipulations and Their Physiological Responses

Subject -II flashcards for UGC NET Physical Education

22 of 55 cards from the Subject -II deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What is the scope and importance of exercise physiology in the field of Physical Education and Sports?

   Exercise physiology studies how the body's systems respond and adapt to acute and chronic physical activity. Its importance lies in designing scientific training programs, improving athletic performance, preventing injury, guiding rehabilitation, and promoting health and fitness.

2. Define cardio-respiratory adaptation to physical activity.

   It is the structural and functional changes in the heart, blood vessels, and lungs that occur in response to physical activity, improving oxygen delivery to and carbon dioxide removal from working muscles.

3. List the key short-term (acute) cardio-respiratory responses to exercise.

   Increased heart rate, increased stroke volume, increased cardiac output, rise in systolic blood pressure, redistribution of blood flow to muscles, increased breathing rate and tidal volume, and increased oxygen uptake.

4. List the key long-term (chronic) cardio-respiratory adaptations to endurance training.

   Cardiac hypertrophy (larger left ventricle), increased stroke volume, lower resting heart rate (bradycardia), increased blood and plasma volume, increased capillary density, greater $\dot{V}O_{2max}$, and increased mitochondrial density.

5. State the formula relating cardiac output to heart rate and stroke volume.

   $$Q = HR \times SV$$ where $Q$ is cardiac output, $HR$ is heart rate, and $SV$ is stroke volume.

6. What is $\dot{V}O_{2max}$ and why is it important?

   $\dot{V}O_{2max}$ is the maximal rate of oxygen consumption during intense exercise. It is the single best indicator of aerobic (cardio-respiratory) endurance capacity.

7. Give the Fick equation for oxygen consumption.

   $$\dot{V}O_{2} = Q \times (a\text{-}\bar{v})O_{2}\,\text{diff}$$ i.e. oxygen uptake equals cardiac output multiplied by the arterio-venous oxygen difference.

8. What is the name given to the resting bradycardia of trained endurance athletes?

   Athlete's heart (sinus bradycardia), a lowered resting heart rate resulting from increased stroke volume and enhanced parasympathetic (vagal) tone.

9. What are the three types of muscle in the human body?

   Skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated, involuntary), and smooth (non-striated, involuntary) muscle.

10. List the main characteristic properties of muscle tissue.

    Excitability (irritability), contractility, extensibility, and elasticity.

11. State the main functions of skeletal muscle.

    Producing movement, maintaining posture and body position, stabilizing joints, and generating heat (thermogenesis).

12. Describe the microscopic structure of a muscle fibre.

    A muscle fibre is a single multinucleated cell bounded by the sarcolemma, containing sarcoplasm, myofibrils made of actin and myosin, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and an extensive T-tubule system.

13. What is the sarcomere and what are its boundaries?

    The sarcomere is the functional contractile unit of a myofibril, extending from one Z-line (Z-disc) to the next Z-line.

14. Identify the bands and zones of a sarcomere.

    The A-band (dark, contains myosin and overlapping actin), the I-band (light, actin only), the H-zone (myosin only, centre), the M-line (centre of H-zone), and the Z-line (boundary of sarcomere).

15. Name the contractile proteins and the regulatory proteins of the muscle fibre.

    Contractile proteins: myosin (thick filament) and actin (thin filament). Regulatory proteins: tropomyosin and troponin.

16. What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum's role in muscle contraction?

    It is a specialized endoplasmic reticulum that stores and releases calcium ions ($\ce{Ca^{2+}}$) which trigger contraction; its terminal cisternae release $\ce{Ca^{2+}}$ when stimulated.

17. State the Sliding Filament Theory of muscular contraction.

    During contraction the thin (actin) filaments slide over the thick (myosin) filaments, drawing the Z-lines closer and shortening the sarcomere, while the actual filament lengths remain unchanged.

18. Which structures shorten and which stay the same length during contraction per the sliding filament theory?

    The sarcomere, I-band, and H-zone shorten; the A-band and the lengths of the actin and myosin filaments themselves remain unchanged.

19. Outline the cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction.

    1) $\ce{Ca^{2+}}$ binds troponin, exposing actin sites; 2) myosin head binds actin forming a cross-bridge; 3) the power stroke pulls actin (ADP + $P_i$ released); 4) ATP binds myosin, detaching it; 5) ATP hydrolysis re-cocks the head for the next cycle.

20. What role does $\ce{Ca^{2+}}$ play in initiating contraction?

    $\ce{Ca^{2+}}$ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin-binding sites on actin, allowing cross-bridge formation.

21. What are the two principal classifications of muscle fibre types?

    Type I (slow-twitch, slow oxidative) and Type II (fast-twitch), with Type II subdivided into Type IIa (fast oxidative-glycolytic) and Type IIx/IIb (fast glycolytic).

22. Compare slow-twitch (Type I) and fast-twitch (Type II) muscle fibres.

    Type I: slow contraction, high mitochondria/capillary density, fatigue-resistant, aerobic, red, suited to endurance. Type II: fast contraction, low oxidative capacity, fatigue quickly, anaerobic/glycolytic, white (IIx), suited to power and speed.

See more Subject -II flashcards →

Planning Subject -II for UGC NET Physical Education

Subject -II (UGC NET Physical Education) FAQ