UGC NET Physical Education Subject - VII Syllabus

Subject - VII syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Subject - VII in UGC NET Physical Education, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Sports Training

   14 topics

   • Characteristics and Principles
   • Training Load
     • Features
     • Principles
     • Adaptation Process
   • Means and Methods of Executing Training Load
   • Overload
     • Causes
     • Symptoms
     • Remedial Measures
   • Strength
     • Characteristics
     • Types of Strength
     • Factors Determining Strength
     • Strength Development
   • Endurance
     • Characteristics
     • Types of Endurance
     • Factors Determining Endurance
     • Endurance Development
   • Speed
     • Characteristics
     • Types of Speed
     • Factors Determining Speed
     • Speed Development
   • Flexibility
     • Characteristics
     • Types of Flexibility
     • Factors Determining Flexibility
     • Flexibility Development
   • Coordinative Abilities
     • Characteristics
     • Types of Coordinative Abilities
     • Factors Determining Coordinative Abilities
     • Development of Coordinative Abilities
   • Technique and Skill
     • Characteristics and Importance
     • Different Stages of Technique Development and Technique Training
     • Tactics and Strategy
   • Planning
     • Importance
     • Principles
     • Types of Planning
   • Periodization
     • Importance
     • Objectives
     • Types of Periodization
     • Concept of Different Periods - Preparatory, Competition, and Transitional
   • Types of Competition
   • Talent Identification
     • Process and Procedure

Subject - VII flashcards for UGC NET Physical Education

24 of 50 cards from the Subject - VII deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In sports training, what is meant by 'training load'?

   Training load is the physical and physiological stress placed on the body through exercise/training stimuli. It is the amount of work done by the athlete that disturbs homeostasis and triggers adaptation.

2. What is the difference between external (outer) load and internal (inner) load?

   External load is the measurable work performed (e.g., distance run, weight lifted, repetitions). Internal load is the body's physiological response to that work (e.g., increased heart rate, lactate, oxygen consumption).

3. List the principal components (features) used to define/measure training load.

   Intensity, Volume (duration/quantity), Density (work-to-rest ratio), Frequency, and Complexity/Specificity of the exercise.

4. What does 'intensity' of training load refer to, and how is it commonly expressed?

   Intensity is the degree of effort or quality of work per unit time (how hard). It is commonly expressed as a percentage of maximum, e.g. $\%$ of $1\text{RM}$ for strength or $\%$ of $HR_{max}$ for endurance.

5. What does 'volume' of training load refer to?

   Volume is the total quantity or duration of work performed (how much) — e.g., total distance, total time, total sets and repetitions, or total tonnage lifted.

6. Define 'density' of training load and give its conceptual formula.

   Density is the relationship between work (stimulus) and recovery within a session, i.e. the work-to-rest ratio. Conceptually $\text{Density} = \dfrac{\text{Time of work}}{\text{Time of work} + \text{Time of recovery}}$.

7. Maximum heart rate is commonly estimated by which formula?

   $HR_{max} = 220 - \text{age (in years)}$.

8. State the principal characteristics of a correctly applied training load.

   It must be optimal (matched to the athlete's capacity), progressive (gradually increased), specific, individualized, and adequately recovered so that adaptation rather than breakdown occurs.

9. What is the principle of progressive (gradual) increase of load?

   Training load must be raised step by step over time, because the body adapts to a given stimulus; only a progressively greater load can produce further improvement in performance.

10. What is the principle of 'overload' in training?

    To improve, the body must be exposed to a stimulus greater than that to which it is normally accustomed. A load above the habitual threshold disturbs homeostasis and forces adaptation.

11. State the principle of specificity of training load.

    Training adaptations are specific to the type of load applied — the energy systems, muscles, and movement patterns trained are the ones that improve. Training should resemble the demands of the sport.

12. State the principle of reversibility (use and disuse).

    Adaptations gained through training are lost when training stops or load is removed — 'use it or lose it.' Gains are reversed during prolonged rest or detraining.

13. What is the principle of individualization of training load?

    Load must be planned according to each athlete's individual capacity, age, sex, training state, and recovery ability, since the same load produces different effects in different individuals.

14. What is the principle of variety in training load?

    Training stimuli should be varied to prevent monotony, staleness, and accommodation, keeping the athlete physically and psychologically responsive to the load.

15. What does 'adaptation' mean in the context of sports training?

    Adaptation is the long-term, relatively stable structural and functional adjustment of the body's systems in response to repeated training loads, resulting in improved performance capacity.

16. Outline the basic adaptation process triggered by a training load.

    A load is applied → homeostasis is disturbed and fatigue/fitness drops → during recovery the body restores and rebuilds → supercompensation raises capacity above the original level → if reloaded at the right time, capacity progressively rises.

17. What is 'supercompensation'?

    Supercompensation is the phase after recovery in which the body rebuilds its energy/structural reserves to a level higher than before the load, temporarily raising performance capacity above baseline.

18. In the supercompensation cycle, what happens if the next load is applied too late?

    If the next load comes after supercompensation has faded back to baseline, the gain is lost and there is no progressive improvement (no cumulative training effect).

19. In the supercompensation cycle, what happens if the next load is applied too early (too frequently)?

    Loading repeatedly before recovery/supercompensation is complete leads to incomplete recovery, accumulating fatigue and eventually overtraining (a downward trend in capacity).

20. Name the means and methods used to execute/regulate training load.

    Means/methods include continuous method, interval method, repetition method, fartlek (variable pace), circuit training, and competition/test method — load is regulated by adjusting intensity, volume, density and frequency.

21. Describe the continuous method of executing training load.

    Work is performed without rest intervals over a prolonged period at relatively steady (low–moderate) intensity. It is mainly used to develop aerobic endurance.

22. Describe the interval method of executing training load.

    Periods of work alternate with planned, incomplete recovery intervals. The athlete is reloaded before full recovery; it develops both speed and endurance depending on work/rest ratio.

23. Describe the repetition method of executing training load.

    High-intensity bouts are repeated with complete (full) recovery between them, allowing maximal quality of each effort. It is used to develop speed and maximum strength/power.

24. Describe the fartlek (speed play) method.

    Fartlek is continuous running over varied terrain at continuously changing speeds (fast and slow), mixing aerobic and anaerobic loading in an unstructured, playful way to build endurance.

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