UGC NET Physical Education Kinesiology and Biomechanics Syllabus

Kinesiology and Biomechanics syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Kinesiology and Biomechanics in UGC NET Physical Education, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Modern Trends in Biomechanics

   2 topics

   • Planes and Axes of the Human Body
   • Joints and Their Movements
2. 2

   Muscle Attachments and Actions

   1 topic

   • Origin, Insertion, and Action of Principal Muscles
     • Leverage of Principal Muscles in Sports
3. 3

   Motion Laws and Applications

   2 topics

   • Laws of Motion in Sports
   • Projectile Motion and Principles
4. 4

   Kinematics and Kinetics

   4 topics

   • Linear Kinematics
   • Angular Kinematics
   • Linear Kinetics
   • Angular Kinetics
5. 5

   Friction, Spin, Impact, and Elasticity

   3 topics

   • Friction in Sports
   • Spin and its Effects
   • Impact and Elasticity in Sports
6. 6

   Air and Water Dynamics

   2 topics

   • Air Dynamics in Sports
   • Water Dynamics in Sports
7. 7

   Mechanical Advantage and Levers

   1 topic

   • Applications of Levers in Sports
8. 8

   Posture and Corrective Exercises

   1 topic

   • Postural Deformities
     • Corrective Exercises for Postural Deformities
9. 9

   Kinesiological, Muscular, and Mechanical Analyses

   2 topics

   • Fundamental Movements Analysis
   • Mechanical Analyses of Major Sports Skills

Kinesiology and Biomechanics flashcards for UGC NET Physical Education

20 of 51 cards from the Kinesiology and Biomechanics deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. Name the three cardinal (anatomical) planes of the human body and the line about which movement occurs in each.

   Sagittal plane (divides body into left and right; flexion/extension occur here about a frontal/mediolateral axis), Frontal/coronal plane (divides into front and back; abduction/adduction about a sagittal axis), and Transverse/horizontal plane (divides into upper and lower; rotation about a vertical/longitudinal axis).

2. In planes-and-axes terminology, which axis is associated with the sagittal plane, and what movements occur about it?

   The frontal (mediolateral) axis is associated with the sagittal plane. Flexion and extension occur about this axis (e.g., a forward somersault).

3. Which axis lies in the frontal plane, and which movements occur about it?

   The sagittal (anteroposterior) axis lies in the frontal plane. Abduction and adduction (and lateral flexion) occur about it, e.g., a cartwheel.

4. Which axis is paired with the transverse plane, and what movement type occurs about it?

   The vertical (longitudinal) axis is paired with the transverse plane. Rotation (internal/external rotation, pronation/supination, pivoting) occurs about it, e.g., an ice-skater's spin.

5. Classify synovial joints by structure/movement and give one example of each of the six main types.

   Ball-and-socket (hip, shoulder), Hinge (elbow, knee), Pivot (atlanto-axial, proximal radioulnar), Condyloid/ellipsoid (wrist/radiocarpal), Saddle (carpometacarpal of thumb), and Gliding/plane (intercarpal, intertarsal).

6. Define flexion and extension as joint movements.

   Flexion is a movement that decreases the angle between two bones (bending), and extension is a movement that increases the angle between two bones (straightening). Both occur in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis.

7. Distinguish abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

   Abduction moves a limb away from the body's midline; adduction moves it toward the midline (both frontal plane). Circumduction is a circular, cone-shaped movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

8. Define the terms origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle.

   The origin is the muscle's attachment to the more stationary (usually proximal) bone, and the insertion is its attachment to the more movable (usually distal) bone. On contraction, the insertion is pulled toward the origin.

9. State the origin, insertion, and main action of the biceps brachii.

   Origin: scapula (long head from supraglenoid tubercle, short head from coracoid process); Insertion: radial tuberosity of the radius; Action: flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.

10. State the origin, insertion, and primary action of the gastrocnemius.

    Origin: medial and lateral condyles of the femur; Insertion: calcaneus (heel) via the Achilles tendon; Action: plantar flexion of the ankle and assists knee flexion.

11. State the origin, insertion, and action of the quadriceps femoris group.

    Origin: rectus femoris from the ilium and the three vasti from the femur; Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon; Action: extension of the knee (rectus femoris also flexes the hip).

12. Define a lever, and name its three components.

    A lever is a rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point. Its three components are the fulcrum (axis/pivot), the effort (force applied, by muscle), and the resistance/load (weight to be moved). In the body, bones are levers, joints are fulcra, and muscles provide effort.

13. Describe the arrangement and characteristic of a first-class lever, with a body example.

    First-class lever: the fulcrum lies between the effort and the resistance (E-F-R). It can favour either force or speed/range. Example: the head balancing on the atlanto-occipital joint (neck extensors as effort, head weight as load).

14. Describe a second-class lever and give a body example.

    Second-class lever: the resistance lies between the fulcrum and the effort (F-R-E). It always favours force (mechanical advantage > 1). Example: rising onto the toes — the ball of the foot is the fulcrum, body weight the load, calf muscles the effort.

15. Describe a third-class lever and explain why it is the most common in the human body.

    Third-class lever: the effort lies between the fulcrum and the resistance (F-E-R). It favours speed and range of motion at the cost of force (mechanical advantage < 1). Most body levers are third-class because muscles insert close to joints, producing fast limb movements, e.g., the biceps flexing the elbow.

16. Define mechanical advantage of a lever and give its formula.

    Mechanical advantage is the ratio of the effort arm to the resistance arm: $$MA = \frac{\text{effort arm}}{\text{resistance arm}} = \frac{F_R}{F_E}$$ When $MA > 1$ the lever favours force; when $MA < 1$ it favours speed and range.

17. State Newton's First Law of Motion and give a sports example.

    Law of Inertia: a body remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. Example: a stationary football stays put until kicked, and a rolling ball would continue forever without friction and air resistance.

18. State Newton's Second Law of Motion and its formula.

    The rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and acts in its direction; i.e., acceleration is proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass: $$\vec{F} = m\vec{a}$$ A harder kick (greater force) gives the ball greater acceleration.

19. State Newton's Third Law of Motion with a sports example.

    For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Example: a sprinter pushes back and down on the blocks, and the ground pushes the sprinter forward and up with an equal reaction force (ground reaction force).

20. Define a projectile and list the three factors that determine the horizontal range of its flight.

    A projectile is a body in flight subject only to gravity and air resistance after release. Its range depends on the speed (velocity) of release, the angle of release, and the height of release.

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