SAP SAP PP Flashcards

24 sample cards from the SAP PP deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. Name key differences between Repetitive Manufacturing and Discrete (order-based) Manufacturing.

   REM: period/rate-based planning, no individual production orders (uses planned orders/run schedules), cost collector for period costing, backflush confirmation, stable production lines. Discrete: lot/order-based, individual production orders per lot, order-based costing, suited to changing products and complex routings.

2. What is a Product Cost Collector in Repetitive Manufacturing?

   A Product Cost Collector (KKF6N) is the cost object that collects production costs by material/production version over a period in REM (and can be used in order-related production), rather than collecting costs on individual orders.

3. What is SAP APO (Advanced Planning and Optimization)?

   APO is the advanced planning component of SAP SCM that provides tools for demand planning, supply network planning, production planning & detailed scheduling (PP/DS), and global available-to-promise, using a real-time in-memory liveCache and constraint-based optimization beyond standard ECC MRP.

4. What are the main application modules within SAP APO?

   Demand Planning (DP), Supply Network Planning (SNP), Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS), Global Available-to-Promise (gATP), and Transportation Planning/Vehicle Scheduling (TP/VS).

5. What is Detailed Scheduling in the context of production planning?

   Detailed Scheduling is finite, resource-level sequencing of operations that assigns exact start/end times on constrained resources, resolves conflicts, minimizes setup and lead time, and optimizes the sequence — going beyond MRP's infinite scheduling to respect real capacity limits.

6. What is the difference between infinite and finite scheduling?

   Infinite scheduling (standard ECC MRP) schedules operations assuming unlimited capacity, ignoring overloads. Finite scheduling (PP/DS, detailed scheduling) respects each resource's available capacity, so it never overloads a resource and produces a realistic, executable sequence.

7. What is PP/DS (Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling) in APO / S/4HANA?

   PP/DS is the APO/S4 component for short-term, constraint-based production planning and finite detailed scheduling of critical products and bottleneck resources. It creates and sequences planned/production orders using the liveCache and optimizer, and integrates tightly with ECC/S4 via CIF.

8. What is the CIF (Core Interface) in APO?

   The Core Interface (CIF) is the real-time integration link that transfers master and transactional data between the ERP/ECC system and APO (SCM), using integration models to select which objects (materials, work centers, BOMs, orders) are shared and kept in sync.

9. In PP/DS, what is a PPM or PDS?

   A PPM (Production Process Model) or PDS (Production Data Structure) is the APO/PP-DS master data that represents the sources of supply — the combination of BOM, routing/recipe, and resources used to produce a product — analogous to a production version in ECC. PDS is the newer, CIF-transferred form; PPM the older maintainable form.

10. What are the main components of an APO PP/DS heuristic-based planning run?

    Heuristics (algorithmic planning procedures, e.g., product heuristic for net requirements), the Optimizer (cost-based finite sequencing), and Detailed Scheduling board (DS planning board) for interactive manual sequencing on resources.

11. What is the Stock/Requirements List and what transaction displays it?

    The Stock/Requirements List (MD04) is a dynamic, real-time report showing current stock plus all planned and firmed receipts/requirements (orders, PIRs, reservations) for a material, used to analyze the supply/demand situation. MD05 shows the static MRP list from the last MRP run.

12. What is the difference between MD04 (Stock/Requirements List) and MD05 (MRP List)?

    MD04 is dynamic — it always reflects the current situation in real time. MD05 (MRP List) is static — it shows the situation as of the last MRP run and does not change until MRP runs again. MD05 is useful to see what the MRP run actually did.

13. Which standard report shows documented goods movements for a production order or material?

    MB51 (Material Document List) displays goods movements; for a production order, the Order Information System / documented goods movements can also be viewed via CO03 and COOIS. MMBE shows the current stock overview by plant/storage location/batch.

14. What is COOIS used for in SAP PP?

    COOIS (Production Order Information System) is the central reporting tool for production/process orders, allowing selection and analysis of orders, operations, components, confirmations, documented goods movements, and capacities with flexible filters and list types.

15. What standard report/tool is used for capacity evaluation and leveling in PP?

    CM01 (Capacity Load / Work Center view) and related CM05/CM07 for capacity evaluation, and CM21/CM25 (planning table / graphical leveling) for capacity leveling — used to compare available vs required capacity and dispatch operations.

16. How is capacity utilization (load) of a work center calculated?

    Capacity load percentage is $\text{Utilization} = \frac{\text{Capacity requirement}}{\text{Available capacity}} \times 100\%$, where available capacity = operating time per shift × number of individual capacities × utilization rate, over the shift schedule.

17. How is the available capacity of a work center per day computed in SAP?

    $\text{Available capacity} = (\text{end} - \text{start} - \text{break}) \times \dfrac{\text{utilization}\%}{100} \times (\text{no. of individual capacities})$. For example an 8-hour shift at 90% utilization with 2 machines gives $8 \times 0.9 \times 2 = 14.4$ hours.

18. What are the standard scheduling types available when scheduling a production order?

    Forward scheduling (from basic start date forward), Backward scheduling (from basic finish date backward — the default), Today scheduling (forward from current date), and Only capacity requirements (no dates). Backward is most common so the order finishes on the required date.

19. What is total lead time (throughput time) composed of for an operation?

    Throughput time = queue time + setup time + processing (machine) time + wait time + move (transport) time. In SAP the operation's processing time is often computed as $\text{Machine time} = \dfrac{\text{Base quantity related time} \times \text{Order quantity}}{\text{Base quantity}}$.

20. What is a Reservation in SAP PP and when is it created?

    A reservation is a request to the warehouse to keep components available for a future goods issue. For production/process orders, dependent reservations for BOM components are generated automatically when the order is created, ensuring material is earmarked for that order.

21. What is Order Settlement in production order processing and which transaction performs it?

    Settlement (CO88 collective / KO88 individual) transfers the actual costs collected on the production order to the settlement receiver (typically the material stock or a cost object), clearing the order balance and calculating variances between actual and target/standard costs.

22. What are production order variances and how are they conceptually derived?

    Variances are differences between actual costs charged to the order and the target (planned/standard) costs for the delivered quantity, $\text{Variance} = \text{Actual cost} - \text{Target cost}$. Categories include input price, quantity, resource-usage, lot-size, output price, and scrap variances, calculated before settlement.

23. What is a Master Recipe's relationship to phases and the control recipe in process manufacturing?

    A master recipe defines operations that are subdivided into phases (the actual self-contained work steps). During process order execution, process instructions in the phases generate a control recipe/PI sheet sent to the process control system (or operator) to run and record the batch.

24. What is the standard SAP strategy group vs strategy in planning, and where is it assigned?

    A planning strategy defines a single planning method (e.g., 40); a strategy group bundles a main strategy plus permitted alternatives. The strategy group is assigned in the Material Master MRP 3 view and governs how PIRs and sales orders are planned and consumed.

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