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NEET UG Organic Chemistry Flashcards
56 question-and-answer cards covering Organic Chemistry as it is examined in NEET UG. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Organic Chemistry deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is Williamson's ether synthesis?
Preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers by reacting an alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide (SN2): R-O-Na+ + R'-X -> R-O-R' + NaX. Best with primary alkyl halides.
Why is phenol acidic and more acidic than aliphatic alcohols?
Phenol is acidic because the phenoxide ion formed after losing H+ is resonance-stabilized (negative charge delocalized into the ring). Alcohols' alkoxide ions are not resonance-stabilized, so phenol is more acidic.
What is the Kolbe's reaction (Kolbe-Schmitt reaction)?
Sodium phenoxide is treated with CO2 under pressure followed by acidification to give salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid). It is an electrophilic substitution at the ortho position.
What is Reimer-Tiemann reaction?
Treatment of phenol with chloroform (CHCl3) and aqueous NaOH followed by hydrolysis introduces a -CHO group at the ortho position, forming salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde). Electrophile is dichlorocarbene (:CCl2).
Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones toward nucleophilic addition?
Aldehydes are more reactive due to (i) less steric hindrance (only one alkyl/H group) and (ii) less +I electron-donating effect, leaving the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic (more positive).
What is the Tollens' test and what does a positive result indicate?
Heating with Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) gives a silver mirror. Positive result indicates an aldehyde (or other easily oxidizable group); ketones do not respond.
What is Fehling's test and which aldehyde does NOT respond to it?
Aldehydes reduce Fehling's solution (alkaline cupric complex) to give a brick-red precipitate of Cu2O. Aromatic aldehydes (e.g., benzaldehyde) do NOT respond to Fehling's test.
State the relative acidic strength order: carboxylic acid, phenol, alcohol, water.
Carboxylic acid > phenol > water > alcohol. Carboxylic acids are strongest because the carboxylate ion is stabilized by resonance with two equivalent oxygen atoms.
What is the Aldol condensation reaction?
Aldehydes/ketones containing alpha-hydrogen react in the presence of dilute base to form a beta-hydroxy aldehyde/ketone (aldol), which on heating loses water to give an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
What is the Cannizzaro reaction?
Aldehydes lacking alpha-hydrogen (e.g., HCHO, benzaldehyde) undergo self-redox disproportionation with concentrated alkali: one molecule is oxidized to a carboxylate salt and another reduced to an alcohol.
What is the Clemmensen reduction?
Reduction of the carbonyl group (C=O) of aldehydes/ketones to -CH2- (methylene) using zinc amalgam (Zn-Hg) and concentrated HCl. Used for acid-stable compounds.
What is the Wolff-Kishner reduction?
Reduction of aldehydes/ketones (C=O to CH2) using hydrazine (NH2-NH2) followed by heating with a strong base (KOH/NaOH) in ethylene glycol. Used for base-stable compounds.
What is the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky (HVZ) reaction?
Alpha-halogenation of carboxylic acids containing alpha-H using Cl2/Br2 in the presence of red phosphorus, forming alpha-halo carboxylic acids.
What is the Etard reaction?
Oxidation of toluene with chromyl chloride (CrO2Cl2) gives a chromium complex that on hydrolysis yields benzaldehyde.
How are amines classified as primary, secondary and tertiary?
Based on the number of carbon atoms (alkyl/aryl groups) attached to nitrogen: primary R-NH2 (one), secondary R2NH (two), tertiary R3N (three).
Arrange the basic strength of amines in aqueous solution (ethyl-substituted).
In aqueous (water) solution: 2deg > 1deg > 3deg > NH3, i.e., (C2H5)2NH > C2H5NH2 > (C2H5)3N > NH3 (a balance of +I effect, solvation and steric factors).
What is the carbylamine reaction and what does it test for?
Primary amines (1deg) react with chloroform and alcoholic KOH to give foul-smelling isocyanides (carbylamines): R-NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH -> R-NC + 3KCl + 3H2O. It is a test for primary amines only.
What is the Hinsberg's test used for?
To distinguish 1deg, 2deg, and 3deg amines using benzenesulfonyl chloride: 1deg amine gives a product soluble in alkali; 2deg gives a product insoluble in alkali; 3deg amine does not react.
What are diazonium salts and the Sandmeyer reaction?
Diazonium salts (Ar-N2+ X-) form from primary aromatic amines + HNO2/HCl at 0-5degC. Sandmeyer reaction: replacing the diazonium group with Cl, Br or CN using cuprous halides/CuCN (e.g., Ar-N2+Cl- + CuCl -> Ar-Cl + N2).
What are the four classes of biomolecules and their building blocks?
Carbohydrates (monosaccharides), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides), and lipids (fatty acids + glycerol).
Differentiate between a reducing and non-reducing sugar; give one example of each.
Reducing sugars have a free aldehyde/ketone group and reduce Tollens'/Fehling's (e.g., glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose). Non-reducing sugars have no free anomeric carbon (e.g., sucrose, which has both anomeric carbons glycosidically linked).
What is a peptide bond and what is the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids?
A peptide bond is the amide (-CO-NH-) linkage between the -COOH of one amino acid and the -NH2 of another. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must come from diet; non-essential ones are synthesized in the body.
Differentiate between addition and condensation polymers with examples.
Addition (chain-growth) polymers form by repeated addition of unsaturated monomers with no by-product (e.g., polythene, PVC, Teflon). Condensation (step-growth) polymers form by repeated condensation with elimination of small molecules like water (e.g., nylon-6,6, terylene, bakelite).
Classify drugs as antacids, antihistamines and antibiotics with one example each.
Antacids neutralize stomach acidity (e.g., ranitidine, Mg(OH)2). Antihistamines treat allergies by blocking histamine (e.g., cetirizine, terfenadine). Antibiotics kill/inhibit microbes (e.g., penicillin, chloramphenicol).
What this deck covers
The Organic Chemistry deck follows the NEET UG Organic Chemistry syllabus — 8 chapters and 26 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 7.0 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 188 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Organic Chemistry flashcards FAQ
How many Organic Chemistry flashcards are in this NEET UG deck?
56 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these NEET UG flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 56-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Organic Chemistry cards cover?
They follow the NEET UG Organic Chemistry syllabus — 8 chapters and 26 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.