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NEET UG Biology Flashcards
51 question-and-answer cards covering Biology as it is examined in NEET UG. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
Write the overall equation of aerobic respiration and the net ATP yield.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP). Net yield is about 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.
Name the stages of aerobic respiration and their locations.
Glycolysis (cytoplasm), pyruvate oxidation and Krebs/citric acid cycle (mitochondrial matrix), and oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport chain (inner mitochondrial membrane).
What is the respiratory quotient (RQ) and its value for carbohydrates?
RQ = volume of CO2 released / volume of O2 consumed. For carbohydrates RQ = 1, for fats about 0.7, for proteins about 0.9.
Name the five major plant growth regulators (hormones).
Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene. Auxins, GA, and cytokinins are growth promoters; ABA and ethylene are inhibitors (ethylene also ripens fruit).
Define breathing versus respiration.
Breathing (ventilation) is the physical exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere. Respiration is the cellular oxidation of food to release energy. Breathing supplies O2 for respiration.
What are the formed elements of blood and their main functions?
Erythrocytes (RBCs, transport O2/CO2), leucocytes (WBCs, immunity/defense), and thrombocytes (platelets, blood clotting).
Trace the path of blood through the human heart (double circulation).
Deoxygenated blood: body -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs. Oxygenated blood: lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body.
Name the functional unit of the kidney and its main parts.
The nephron. Parts: Bowman's capsule (with glomerulus), proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
Name the main nitrogenous excretory products and classify organisms by them.
Ammonia (ammonotelic, e.g., fish), urea (ureotelic, e.g., mammals, amphibians), uric acid (uricotelic, e.g., birds, reptiles, insects). Urea is produced in the liver.
Describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
During contraction, thin (actin) filaments slide over thick (myosin) filaments, shortening the sarcomere. The H-zone and I-band shorten; the A-band stays constant. Requires Ca2+ and ATP.
Name the parts of a neuron and the divisions of the nervous system.
Neuron parts: dendrites, cell body (cyton), axon. Nervous system: Central (brain + spinal cord) and Peripheral (somatic + autonomic; autonomic = sympathetic + parasympathetic).
List the major endocrine glands and one hormone from each (pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal).
Pituitary (growth hormone), thyroid (thyroxine, T4/T3), pancreas (insulin/glucagon from islets of Langerhans), adrenal (adrenaline from medulla, cortisol from cortex).
What are the events of double fertilization in angiosperms?
One male gamete fuses with the egg to form the zygote (syngamy, 2n); the second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid (3n) primary endosperm nucleus (triple fusion). Discovered by Nawaschin.
Name the male and female accessory reproductive structures producing gametes in humans.
Testes produce sperm (spermatogenesis) in seminiferous tubules; ovaries produce ova (oogenesis). Hormones: testosterone (males), estrogen and progesterone (females).
Name common contraceptive methods (categories).
Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm), IUDs (Copper-T), hormonal pills (oral contraceptives), surgical methods (vasectomy/tubectomy), and natural methods (rhythm, withdrawal).
State Mendel's three laws of inheritance.
Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation (purity of gametes), and Law of Independent Assortment (independent inheritance of different gene pairs).
What phenotypic ratio results from a Mendelian dihybrid cross (F2)?
9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio. The monohybrid F2 ratio is 3:1 (phenotypic) and 1:2:1 (genotypic).
State the features of the DNA double helix (Watson-Crick model).
Two antiparallel polynucleotide strands coiled in a right-handed helix; A pairs with T (2 H-bonds), G pairs with C (3 H-bonds); 10 base pairs per turn; pitch 3.4 nm; diameter 2 nm; sugar-phosphate backbone outside.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA -> (transcription) -> RNA -> (translation) -> Protein. Proposed by Francis Crick; flow of genetic information.
Define natural selection and list evidences of evolution.
Natural selection: differential survival and reproduction of individuals better adapted to their environment (Darwin). Evidences: fossils (paleontology), homologous/analogous organs, embryology, biochemistry, vestigial organs.
Differentiate innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific) immunity.
Innate immunity is present from birth, non-specific (skin, phagocytes, inflammation). Acquired immunity is specific, develops after exposure, has memory; includes humoral (B-cells/antibodies) and cell-mediated (T-cells) immunity.
How do vaccines work, and what is the difference from passive immunization?
Vaccines introduce antigens (killed/weakened pathogen or proteins) that trigger antibody production and memory cells (active immunity). Passive immunization gives preformed antibodies (e.g., antitoxin) for immediate but temporary protection.
What is the causative agent of AIDS, the cells it attacks, and its mode of action?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a retrovirus. It attacks helper T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cells), using reverse transcriptase to integrate into host DNA, progressively weakening immunity leading to AIDS.
Define an ecosystem and name its two basic components.
An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature where living organisms (biotic) interact with their physical (abiotic) environment, exchanging energy and nutrients. Components: biotic (producers, consumers, decomposers) and abiotic (light, water, soil, temperature).
What this deck covers
The Biology deck follows the NEET UG Biology syllabus — 10 chapters and 46 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 5.1 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 174 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biology flashcards FAQ
How many Biology flashcards are in this NEET UG deck?
51 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these NEET UG flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 51-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biology cards cover?
They follow the NEET UG Biology syllabus — 10 chapters and 46 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.