MH CET MBA Logical Reasoning Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Logical Reasoning deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. In ranking puzzles, if a person is 7th from the top and 11th from the bottom, how many people are there in total?

   Total = (rank from top) + (rank from bottom) − 1 = 7 + 11 − 1 = 17. Subtract 1 because the person is counted in both ranks.

2. What are the main types of Coding-Decoding patterns a student must recognize?

   Letter-shift coding (each letter moved by a fixed number), letter-to-number coding (A=1...Z=26 or reverse), symbol/substitution coding, mixed-word coding (match common letters across words), and conditional coding (rules depending on position/type of symbols).

3. In letter-shift Coding-Decoding, how do you decode if 'CAT' is coded as 'ECV'?

   Each letter is shifted +2 (C→E, A→C, T→V). To decode, shift each coded letter back by 2: E→C, C→A, V→T = CAT. Identify the constant shift between corresponding letters and reverse it.

4. In Coding-Decoding, what is the EJOTY trick and the opposite-letter (complement) pair rule?

   EJOTY marks letter positions 5,10,15,20,25 for quick position recall. Opposite/complement pairs sum to 27: A-Z, B-Y, C-X, etc. (position of letter + position of its opposite = 27), useful for reverse-order coding.

5. In Inequalities, what symbols/operators must be combined, and what does the priority A > B ≥ C give for A vs C?

   Operators: >, <, ≥, ≤, =. From A > B ≥ C, A is strictly greater than C (A > C), since a strict '>' anywhere in the chain dominates over '≥' to give a strict definite relation.

6. In coded inequalities, when does a definite relation between two terms FAIL, and what is the either-or condition?

   A definite relation fails when the chain has opposing/mixed signs (e.g., A > B < C — A vs C undetermined). The 'either-or' (complementary) case arises when two conclusions cover all possibilities (e.g., A ≥ C and A < C) — then 'either ... or' is true.

7. In coded inequalities, how do you derive the combined symbol from 'A = B' and 'B ≥ C'?

   A = B and B ≥ C combine to A ≥ C. Replace equal terms and carry the inequality: equality passes the other operator through unchanged, so the relation between A and C is ≥.

8. In Input-Output (Machine Sequencing), what is the goal and what are the common operation types per step?

   Goal: find the logic the machine applies at each step and the final/intermediate output for a new input. Common operations: shifting/arranging words (alphabetical/reverse), arranging numbers (ascending/descending), and shifting one element per step from one end.

9. In Input-Output problems, what is the standard method to crack the step logic?

   Compare the given input with step 1 to find what changed (which word/number moved and how it was selected), confirm the rule across subsequent steps, then apply the same rule iteratively to the new input to reach the asked step.

10. What is Conditional Coding, and how are its rules typically applied?

    Conditional coding gives base symbol-codes plus extra conditions that override them based on element positions (e.g., 'if first element is a vowel, swap codes of first and last'). Apply the base coding, then check each numbered condition in order and apply any that match.

11. In Direction Sense, what are the four cardinal and four ordinal directions and their layout?

    Cardinal: North (up), South (down), East (right), West (left). Ordinal (between them): North-East, North-West, South-East, South-West. A 90° clockwise turn from North gives East; anticlockwise gives West.

12. In Direction Sense, how do you find the shortest (straight-line) distance after movements in perpendicular directions?

    The net displacements along the N-S axis and the E-W axis form two perpendicular legs; the shortest distance is the hypotenuse: √(net-NS² + net-EW²), using the Pythagorean theorem.

13. In Blood Relations, what relations do 'father's son', 'mother's brother', and 'father's father' denote?

    Father's son = brother (or self); Mother's brother = maternal uncle; Father's father = paternal grandfather. Decoding step-by-step from the speaker outward is the key method.

14. In Blood Relations puzzles using symbols/coded relations, what does 'A + B' if defined as 'A is the father of B' chain into for 'A + B − C' (− = mother of)?

    You read each operator's defined relation in sequence: A + B means A is father of B; B − C means B is mother of C. So A is the father of B, and B is the mother of C — making A the maternal grandfather of C (apply each symbol's definition strictly).

15. In Blood Relations, how do you handle 'pointing to a photo' statements like 'He is the son of my father's only son'?

    Resolve innermost first: 'my father's only son' = the speaker himself; so 'son of (the speaker)' = the speaker's son. Always substitute each phrase from the inside out, anchored on the speaker's gender.

16. In Direction and Distance problems, how does a person's net direction change after turning right then right again?

    Two successive right turns (90° + 90° = 180°) make the person face the exact opposite of the original direction. E.g., facing North → right → East → right → South.

17. In Verbal Series, what are the common letter-series patterns to check?

    Constant difference between letters, alternating differences, skipping letters by a growing gap, mirror/reverse positions, and patterns on alphabetical position numbers. Convert letters to numbers (A=1...Z=26) to spot arithmetic patterns quickly.

18. In a Verbal Analogy 'A : B :: C : ?', what is the solving principle?

    Identify the exact relationship between A and B (synonym, antonym, part-whole, cause-effect, worker-tool, category-member, etc.), then apply the SAME relationship to C to find the missing fourth term. Keep the order/direction of the relation consistent.

19. List common relationship types tested in Verbal Analogies.

    Synonyms, antonyms, part-to-whole, whole-to-part, cause-and-effect, worker-and-tool, worker-and-product, object-and-function, category-and-example, degree/intensity, and male-female (gender) pairs.

20. In Classification (Odd-one-out), what is the method to find the element that does not belong?

    Find the common property shared by most of the items (category, function, structure, language family, mathematical property, etc.); the one item lacking that shared property is the odd one out. Always look for the property the majority shares.

21. In number Classification (odd-one-out), what common numeric properties distinguish the odd number?

    Check for: prime vs composite, perfect square/cube, odd/even, divisibility by a common factor, digit-sum patterns, and 'one more/less than a square'. The number breaking the shared property is the answer.

22. In Order, Ranking and Sequencing, how do you find a person's rank from the other end given total and rank from one end?

    Rank from other end = (Total number) − (rank from given end) + 1. E.g., 40 people, rank 12 from top → rank from bottom = 40 − 12 + 1 = 29.

23. In Order/Ranking, how do you compute the number of people between two persons whose ranks from the same end are known?

    People strictly between them = |difference of the two ranks| − 1. E.g., if A is 8th and B is 15th from the top, persons between = (15 − 8) − 1 = 6.

24. In sequencing/ordering puzzles, why is converting all clues to a single direction (e.g., all 'from the left') important?

    Mixing 'from left' and 'from right' references causes errors; converting every clue to one consistent reference frame lets you place items on one common scale and apply the rank/gap formulas without ambiguity.

What this deck covers

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