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🇮🇳 JIPMER Entrance · flashcards
JIPMER Entrance Zoology Flashcards
71 question-and-answer cards covering Zoology as it is examined in JIPMER Entrance. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Zoology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
Where does fertilization normally occur and what is the product called?
In the ampulla of the fallopian tube (oviduct); the product is a diploid zygote.
Define cleavage and identify the blastocyst stage that implants in the uterus.
Cleavage = rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote without growth; the blastocyst (with trophoblast and inner cell mass) implants into the uterine endometrium.
Name the three germ layers and one organ system derived from each.
Ectoderm (nervous system/epidermis), mesoderm (muscles, skeleton, circulatory system), endoderm (gut lining, liver, lungs).
What is the function of the placenta and which hormone confirms pregnancy in urine tests?
The placenta connects fetus to mother for exchange of nutrients, gases and wastes and secretes hormones; hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is detected in pregnancy tests.
Classify contraceptive methods into barrier, IUD, hormonal, and surgical with one example each.
Barrier: condoms/diaphragm; IUD: copper-T (Cu-T); hormonal: oral pills (Saheli)/injections; surgical: vasectomy (male) and tubectomy (female).
What does the acronym STD stand for, and name two examples.
Sexually Transmitted Disease; examples include gonorrhoea, syphilis, AIDS, and genital herpes.
Differentiate innate and acquired (adaptive) immunity.
Innate immunity is non-specific, present from birth (skin, phagocytes, inflammation); acquired immunity is pathogen-specific, develops after exposure and shows memory (antibody/cell-mediated).
Name the causative organism and vector of malaria, and the infective stage.
Plasmodium (e.g., P. vivax); transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito; the infective stage is the sporozoite.
Which virus causes AIDS, which cells does it attack, and what is its genetic material?
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus); it attacks helper T-lymphocytes (CD4 cells); its genetic material is RNA (a retrovirus).
State Darwin's theory of evolution and the key driving force.
Theory of evolution by natural selection: organisms with favourable heritable variations survive and reproduce more ('survival of the fittest'); natural selection is the driving force.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle and name two factors that disturb it.
In an idealized population allele and genotype frequencies remain constant across generations; disturbed by gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, recombination, and natural selection.
Define homologous and analogous organs with one example each.
Homologous organs have similar structure/origin but different functions (forelimbs of whale, bat, human - divergent evolution); analogous organs have different structure but similar function (wings of insect and bird - convergent evolution).
Name the four key tools/steps of recombinant DNA technology.
Restriction enzymes (molecular scissors), cloning vectors (e.g., plasmids), a host organism, and DNA ligase (joins fragments); plus PCR for amplification.
What do restriction endonucleases do, and what are the resulting overhangs called?
They cut DNA at specific palindromic recognition sequences; the single-stranded overhangs produced are called sticky ends.
What is PCR and name its three steps in one cycle.
Polymerase Chain Reaction amplifies DNA in vitro; steps: denaturation (separate strands), annealing (primers bind), and extension (Taq polymerase synthesizes new strand).
Name two methods used to introduce recombinant DNA into a host cell.
Microinjection / biolistics (gene gun), heat-shock with CaCl2-treated competent cells, electroporation, or disarmed Agrobacterium-mediated transfer.
What is gene therapy and give one example disorder it was first used for.
Correction of a genetic defect by inserting a functional gene into a patient's cells; first used for ADA (adenosine deaminase) deficiency / SCID.
How is human insulin (Humulin) produced using biotechnology?
The A and B peptide chains of insulin are produced separately in E. coli using recombinant DNA, then chemically joined by disulphide bonds.
What are transgenic animals, and give one medical use.
Animals with a manipulated/foreign gene in their genome; used to produce useful proteins (e.g., the transgenic cow 'Rosie' produced human protein-enriched milk; alpha-1-antitrypsin for emphysema).
Name the microbes used to produce curd, and the change they bring about.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB, e.g., Lactobacillus) convert milk lactose to lactic acid, coagulating milk proteins into curd and adding vitamin B12.
Which microbes are used to make bread/dough rise and to produce ethanol, and via what process?
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ferments sugars producing CO2 (leavening) and ethanol (brewing); process is fermentation.
What are biogas, its main constituent, and the microbes responsible?
Biogas is a mixture of gases (mainly methane) from microbial decomposition of organic waste; produced by methanogens (e.g., Methanobacterium) in anaerobic conditions.
Name two microbial biocontrol agents and the pests/uses they target.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) controls butterfly caterpillars/insect larvae; Trichoderma controls plant root pathogens; Baculovirus (NPV) is a species-specific insecticide; Ladybird/dragonfly control aphids/mosquitoes.
What is the source organism of the antibiotic penicillin and who discovered it?
The fungus Penicillium notatum (chrysogenum); discovered by Alexander Fleming.
What this deck covers
The Zoology deck follows the JIPMER Entrance Zoology syllabus — 4 chapters and 19 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 17.8 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 150 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Zoology flashcards FAQ
How many Zoology flashcards are in this JIPMER Entrance deck?
71 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these JIPMER Entrance flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 71-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Zoology cards cover?
They follow the JIPMER Entrance Zoology syllabus — 4 chapters and 19 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.