JIPMER Entrance Zoology Syllabus

Zoology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Zoology in JIPMER Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Animal Diversity and Organization

   4 topics

   • Animal Kingdom Classification
     • Non-chordate phyla
     • Chordates and vertebrate classes
   • Structural Organization in Animals
     • Animal tissues
     • Morphology and anatomy of earthworm, cockroach and frog
   • Cell: The Unit of Life
     • Cell organelles and structure
     • Cell membrane and transport
   • Cell Cycle and Cell Division
2. 2

   Human Physiology

   7 topics

   • Digestion and Absorption
   • Breathing and Exchange of Gases
   • Body Fluids and Circulation
     • Blood, lymph and cardiac cycle
     • ECG and disorders of circulation
   • Excretory Products and Their Elimination
     • Nephron structure and urine formation
     • Regulation of kidney function
   • Locomotion and Movement
   • Neural Control and Coordination
   • Chemical Coordination and Endocrine System
3. 3

   Human Reproduction and Health

   4 topics

   • Human Reproductive System
     • Male and female reproductive systems
     • Gametogenesis and menstrual cycle
   • Fertilization, Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
   • Reproductive Health and Contraception
   • Human Health and Disease
     • Immunity and immune disorders
     • Common infectious diseases and pathogens
4. 4

   Evolution and Applied Zoology

   4 topics

   • Evolution
     • Origin of life and theories of evolution
     • Hardy-Weinberg principle and human evolution
   • Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
     • Recombinant DNA technology
     • PCR and gene cloning tools
   • Biotechnology in Health and Medicine
   • Microbes in Human Welfare

Zoology flashcards for JIPMER Entrance

24 of 71 cards from the Zoology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In the five-kingdom classification (Whittaker), what are the three criteria used to place organisms into kingdoms?

   Cell structure (prokaryotic/eukaryotic), body organisation (unicellular/multicellular), and mode of nutrition (autotrophic/heterotrophic).

2. Which phylum is characterized by the presence of choanocytes (collar cells), a water canal system, and spicules?

   Porifera (sponges).

3. What defining feature gives Cnidaria its name, and what are its two basic body forms?

   Cnidoblasts/cnidocytes (stinging cells with nematocysts); body forms are polyp (sessile) and medusa (free-swimming).

4. What are the four distinguishing chordate characters present at some stage of life?

   Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail.

5. Distinguish Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia by their heart chambers.

   Pisces: 2-chambered; Amphibia & most Reptilia: 3-chambered (crocodiles 4); Aves and Mammalia: 4-chambered.

6. Name the four basic types of animal tissue.

   Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

7. Which type of cell junction in epithelial tissue allows direct cytoplasmic exchange between adjacent cells?

   Gap junctions.

8. What is the functional unit of striated (skeletal) muscle, and between which two structures does it lie?

   The sarcomere, lying between two successive Z-lines (Z-discs).

9. State the cell theory and name its proposers.

   All living organisms are composed of cells and cells arise from pre-existing cells; proposed by Schleiden and Schwann, extended by Rudolf Virchow ("Omnis cellula-e-cellula").

10. Differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells by genetic material organization.

    Prokaryotes have a single naked circular DNA in a nucleoid (no nuclear membrane); eukaryotes have membrane-bound nucleus with linear DNA wound on histones.

11. Which organelle is called the 'powerhouse of the cell' and what is its DNA called?

    Mitochondrion; it contains its own circular DNA (mtDNA) and 70S ribosomes.

12. What is the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane and who proposed it?

    Membrane = lipid bilayer with proteins embedded/floating, giving it quasi-fluid nature; proposed by Singer and Nicolson (1972).

13. List the phases of interphase and what occurs in each.

    G1 (cell growth, metabolic activity), S (DNA replication), G2 (growth and protein synthesis preparing for mitosis).

14. During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

    Anaphase.

15. What is the key outcome difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    Mitosis yields two diploid (2n) identical cells; meiosis yields four haploid (n) genetically varied cells.

16. In which sub-stage of prophase I does crossing over (recombination) occur, and at which structures?

    Pachytene; crossing over occurs at chiasmata between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

17. Name the enzyme that hydrolyzes starch in the mouth and the optimum pH for its action.

    Salivary amylase (ptyalin), optimum at near-neutral/slightly alkaline pH (~6.8).

18. Match these gastric components to their roles: HCl, pepsinogen, mucus.

    HCl provides acidic pH and activates enzymes/kills microbes; pepsinogen is converted to active pepsin (protein digestion); mucus protects the stomach lining.

19. Which structures in the small intestine increase absorptive surface area, and what is the lacteal?

    Villi and microvilli (brush border); the lacteal is the lymphatic capillary in each villus that absorbs digested fats (chylomicrons).

20. Name the enzyme that activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the intestine.

    Enterokinase (enteropeptidase), secreted by the intestinal mucosa.

21. What is the difference between inspiration and expiration in terms of diaphragm and intrapulmonary pressure?

    Inspiration: diaphragm contracts/flattens, thoracic volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure falls below atmospheric (air in). Expiration: diaphragm relaxes, volume decreases, pressure rises above atmospheric (air out).

22. Define tidal volume, vital capacity, and residual volume.

    Tidal volume: air inhaled/exhaled per normal breath (~500 mL). Vital capacity: max air expired after max inspiration (ERV+TV+IRV). Residual volume: air left in lungs after forced expiration (~1100–1200 mL).

23. In what three forms is CO2 transported in the blood, and which is predominant?

    As bicarbonate ions (~70%, predominant), carbamino-haemoglobin (~20–25%), and dissolved in plasma (~7%).

24. What is the chloride shift (Hamburger's phenomenon)?

    Movement of Cl- ions into RBCs to maintain ionic balance as HCO3- diffuses out into plasma during CO2 transport.

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