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🇵🇰 AKU BScN Admission Test · flashcards
AKU BScN Admission Test Biology Flashcards
50 question-and-answer cards covering Biology as it is examined in AKU BScN Admission Test. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans and in yeast?
In humans: lactic acid (lactate) + 2 ATP; in yeast: ethanol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP (fermentation).
Write the overall word equation for photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen (in the presence of light and chlorophyll). Balanced: 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis and where does each occur?
The light-dependent reactions (in the thylakoid membranes) and the light-independent reactions/Calvin cycle (in the stroma of the chloroplast).
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
ATP, NADPH (reduced NADP), and oxygen (from the photolysis of water).
Describe the structure of DNA according to Watson and Crick.
A double helix of two antiparallel polynucleotide strands held by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs, with a sugar-phosphate backbone.
State the base-pairing rules in DNA.
Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) via two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G) via three hydrogen bonds.
Why is DNA replication described as semi-conservative?
Each new DNA molecule consists of one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand, so half of the original is conserved.
What is the role of DNA helicase and DNA polymerase in replication?
Helicase unwinds and unzips the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds; DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to form the new strand.
What is transcription and where does it occur in eukaryotes?
Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase; it occurs in the nucleus.
What is translation and where does it occur?
Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide from the mRNA codon sequence; it occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
What is a codon and what is an anticodon?
A codon is a triplet of bases on mRNA coding for one amino acid; an anticodon is the complementary triplet on tRNA that pairs with the codon.
List the three main differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose, and uses thymine; RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose, and uses uracil instead of thymine.
State Mendel's Law of Segregation.
The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait.
State Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
Alleles of different genes are distributed to gametes independently of one another (applies to genes on different chromosomes).
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Tt x Tt), what is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio?
Genotypic ratio 1 TT : 2 Tt : 1 tt; phenotypic ratio 3 dominant : 1 recessive.
Define homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, and phenotype.
Homozygous: two identical alleles; heterozygous: two different alleles; genotype: genetic makeup; phenotype: observable physical characteristics.
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross between two heterozygotes (e.g., RrYy x RrYy)?
9 : 3 : 3 : 1.
What is a gene mutation, and name its three point-mutation types.
A change in the DNA base sequence; the three substitution/point types are silent (no change), missense (different amino acid), and nonsense (premature stop codon).
What is the difference between a frameshift mutation and a substitution mutation?
A frameshift (insertion or deletion of bases) shifts the reading frame, altering every downstream codon; a substitution changes only one base/codon.
Distinguish between continuous and discontinuous variation.
Continuous variation shows a range of phenotypes (e.g., height) controlled by many genes; discontinuous variation shows distinct categories (e.g., blood group) controlled by one or few genes.
What is recombinant DNA, and what enzymes are used to make it?
Recombinant DNA is DNA combining genetic material from two different sources; restriction endonucleases cut DNA and DNA ligase joins the fragments.
What is a restriction enzyme and what are sticky ends?
A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at specific recognition sequences; sticky ends are the short, single-stranded overhangs left after a staggered cut that allow complementary fragments to join.
What is a vector in genetic engineering, and give two common examples?
A vector is a carrier that transfers a gene into a host cell; common examples are plasmids and bacteriophages (viruses).
Give two applications of genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture.
Medicine: production of human insulin and growth hormone by bacteria, and gene therapy; Agriculture: pest-resistant and improved-yield genetically modified (GM) crops.
What this deck covers
The Biology deck follows the AKU BScN Admission Test Biology syllabus — 8 chapters and 27 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 6.3 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 129 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biology flashcards FAQ
How many Biology flashcards are in this AKU BScN Admission Test deck?
50 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these AKU BScN Admission Test flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 50-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biology cards cover?
They follow the AKU BScN Admission Test Biology syllabus — 8 chapters and 27 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.