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🇵🇰 AKU BScN Admission Test · subject
AKU BScN Admission Test Biology Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of Biology examined in AKU BScN Admission Test — 8 chapters, 27 topics, plus 50 flashcards written against it.
Biology syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biology in AKU BScN Admission Test, not a summary of it.
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Cell Biology and Biochemistry
3 topics- Cell Structure and Organelles
- Biological Molecules
- Cell Membrane and Transport
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Enzymes and Metabolism
4 topics- Enzyme Action and Specificity
- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity
- Respiration and ATP
- Photosynthesis
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Genetics and Molecular Biology
4 topics- DNA Structure and Replication
- Transcription and Translation
- Mendelian Inheritance
- Mutations and Variation
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Biotechnology
2 topics- Recombinant DNA Technology
- Genetic Engineering Applications
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Human Physiology
5 topics- Digestive System
- Circulatory System
- Respiratory System
- Nervous and Endocrine Systems
- Excretory System
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Reproduction and Development
3 topics- Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
- Human Reproductive System
- Reproductive Health
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Microbiology and Immunity
3 topics- Bacteria and Viruses
- Infectious Diseases
- Immune System and Defence Mechanisms
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Ecology and Evolution
3 topics- Ecosystems and Energy Flow
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Theory of Evolution
Biology flashcards for AKU BScN Admission Test
22 of 50 cards from the Biology deck — real questions with worked answers.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
It is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes, folds, and transports proteins, especially those destined for secretion or the cell membrane.
Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production, and what feature increases its inner surface area?
The mitochondrion; its inner membrane is folded into cristae to increase surface area for the electron transport chain.
What is the key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a true membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies, sorts, packages, and ships proteins and lipids from the ER into vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
What do lysosomes contain and what is their function?
They contain hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes that break down worn-out organelles, food particles, and cellular debris (autophagy and intracellular digestion).
What are the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids?
Carbohydrates: monosaccharides; Proteins: amino acids; Nucleic acids: nucleotides.
What type of bond links amino acids together in a protein, and how is it formed?
A peptide bond, formed by a condensation (dehydration) reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing water.
Name the four levels of protein structure.
Primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha helices/beta pleated sheets), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (multiple polypeptide subunits).
What is the general structure of a triglyceride (fat)?
One glycerol molecule joined to three fatty acid chains by ester bonds, formed via condensation reactions.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have no carbon-carbon double bonds (single bonds only); unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
According to the fluid mosaic model, what are the main components of the cell membrane?
A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, plus cholesterol and carbohydrates (glycoproteins/glycolipids), in which components can move laterally.
Define diffusion.
The net passive movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, until equilibrium.
Define osmosis.
The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute) to lower water potential (concentrated) across a selectively permeable membrane.
How does active transport differ from passive transport?
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires ATP energy and carrier proteins; passive transport moves down the gradient without energy.
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis brings materials into the cell by engulfing them in vesicles; exocytosis expels materials out of the cell by fusing vesicles with the membrane.
What is an enzyme and what is its chemical nature?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions by lowering activation energy without being consumed; most enzymes are globular proteins.
Explain the lock-and-key model of enzyme action.
The substrate has a shape complementary to the enzyme's active site, fitting precisely like a key into a lock to form an enzyme-substrate complex.
What is the induced-fit model of enzyme action?
The active site is not perfectly complementary at first; binding of the substrate causes the active site to change shape slightly to fit the substrate more snugly.
What is meant by enzyme specificity?
Each enzyme catalyzes only one particular reaction or class of substrates because only a specific substrate fits its uniquely shaped active site.
How does substrate concentration affect the rate of an enzyme reaction?
Rate increases with substrate concentration until all active sites are saturated (Vmax), after which rate plateaus and adding more substrate has no effect.
What happens to an enzyme at temperatures above its optimum?
Excess heat breaks bonds in the tertiary structure, denaturing the enzyme; the active site loses its shape and the enzyme can no longer bind substrate.
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition?
A competitive inhibitor binds the active site and competes with the substrate; a non-competitive inhibitor binds elsewhere (allosteric site), changing the active site's shape.
Planning Biology for AKU BScN Admission Test
Biology is about 25% of the AKU BScN Admission Test syllabus by topic count — 27 of 106 topics, spread over 8 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 20 hours.
The heaviest chapters are Human Physiology (5 topics), Enzymes and Metabolism (4 topics), Genetics and Molecular Biology (4 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
Biology (AKU BScN Admission Test) FAQ
What is in the AKU BScN Admission Test Biology syllabus?
Biology is split into 8 chapters — Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Enzymes and Metabolism, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Human Physiology and Reproduction and Development, and 2 more, containing 27 topics and 0 sub-topics in total.
How many chapters are there in Biology for AKU BScN Admission Test?
8 chapters. Biology accounts for about 25% of the topics in the whole AKU BScN Admission Test syllabus (27 of 106).
How long should I spend on Biology for AKU BScN Admission Test?
Budget around 20 hours for a first pass through Biology — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 27 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for AKU BScN Admission Test Biology?
Yes — a 50-card Biology deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.