CTET (Central Teacher Eligibility Test) Science and Pedagogy (Paper II) Syllabus

Science and Pedagogy (Paper II) syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Science and Pedagogy (Paper II) in CTET (Central Teacher Eligibility Test), not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Food and Living World

   3 topics

   • Food and Nutrition
     • Sources and components of food
     • Cleaning food and food preservation
   • The Living World
     • Living and non-living things
     • Plants and animals: structure and functions
   • Human Body and Health
     • Body systems and organs
     • Diseases, hygiene and balanced diet
2. 2

   Materials and Their Properties

   3 topics

   • Materials of Daily Use
     • Natural and synthetic materials
     • Grouping and properties of materials
   • Changes in Materials
     • Physical and chemical changes
     • Separation of substances
   • Air, Water and Soil
     • Composition and importance
     • Pollution and conservation
3. 3

   The Physical World

   3 topics

   • Motion, Force and Machines
     • Types of motion and force
     • Simple machines
   • Light, Heat, Sound and Electricity
     • Light and shadows
     • Electric current, circuits and magnets
   • Natural Phenomena and Resources
     • Natural resources and energy
4. 4

   Pedagogical Issues in Science

   4 topics

   • Nature and Structure of Science
     • Scientific method and inquiry
   • Understanding and Appreciating Science
     • Aims and objectives of teaching science
   • Approaches and Methods of Teaching Science
     • Activity, experiment and discovery approaches
     • Innovation and project work
   • Evaluation and Remedial Teaching
     • Text material and aids
     • Evaluation, diagnosis and remedial teaching

Science and Pedagogy (Paper II) flashcards for CTET (Central Teacher Eligibility Test)

24 of 49 cards from the Science and Pedagogy (Paper II) deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the six main classes of nutrients required by the human body?

   Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

2. Which nutrient is the body's main source of energy, and how much energy does 1 gram provide?

   Carbohydrates; 1 gram provides about 4 kilocalories of energy.

3. Name the deficiency diseases caused by lack of Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D.

   Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, Vitamin C causes scurvy, and Vitamin D causes rickets.

4. What is a balanced diet?

   A diet that contains all nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water) and roughage in the right proportions needed for growth, energy, and health.

5. Which mineral deficiencies cause anaemia and goitre respectively?

   Iron deficiency causes anaemia; iodine deficiency causes goitre.

6. What is the function of roughage (dietary fibre) in food?

   Roughage adds bulk, retains water, and helps the body get rid of undigested food, preventing constipation.

7. In biological classification, what are the five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker?

   Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

8. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

   The cell.

9. What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell in terms of cell wall and chloroplasts?

   Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells lack both a cell wall and chloroplasts.

10. Define photosynthesis and write its overall word equation.

    Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make food using sunlight. Carbon dioxide + water → (in presence of sunlight and chlorophyll) glucose + oxygen.

11. What are the seven characteristics common to all living things?

    Nutrition, respiration, movement, growth, reproduction, excretion, and response to stimuli (sensitivity).

12. Name the modes of nutrition in living organisms with one example each.

    Autotrophic (green plants make their own food) and heterotrophic (animals/fungi depend on others). Heterotrophs include saprophytes (fungi) and parasites (Cuscuta).

13. What are the major organ systems involved in digestion, respiration, and circulation?

    Digestive system, respiratory system, and circulatory system.

14. Trace the path of food through the human digestive system.

    Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus.

15. What is the function of the human heart and how many chambers does it have?

    The heart pumps blood throughout the body; it has four chambers — two atria and two ventricles.

16. What are the three types of blood cells and their main functions?

    Red blood cells (carry oxygen via haemoglobin), white blood cells (fight infection), and platelets (help in blood clotting).

17. Which organ is the main site of gas exchange in humans, and what gases are exchanged?

    The lungs (in the alveoli); oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out.

18. Name the four basic types of teeth in humans and their functions.

    Incisors (cutting/biting), canines (tearing), premolars and molars (grinding/chewing).

19. What are communicable diseases? Give two examples.

    Diseases that spread from an infected person to a healthy person, e.g., tuberculosis and influenza (cholera, measles).

20. What is the difference between a natural material and a synthetic (man-made) material? Give one example each.

    Natural materials occur in nature (e.g., cotton, wood); synthetic materials are made by humans (e.g., plastic, nylon).

21. What is the difference between fibres and fabrics, and name two natural plant fibres.

    Fibres are thin thread-like strands; fabrics are made by weaving/knitting fibres into yarn. Natural plant fibres include cotton and jute.

22. Classify materials based on whether light can pass through them.

    Transparent (allow light through, e.g., glass), translucent (allow partial light, e.g., butter paper), and opaque (block light, e.g., wood).

23. What is the difference between a reversible and an irreversible change? Give one example of each.

    A reversible change can be undone (e.g., melting of ice/freezing of water); an irreversible change cannot be undone (e.g., burning of paper, cooking of food).

24. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

    In a physical change no new substance forms and it is usually reversible (melting ice); in a chemical change a new substance forms and it is usually irreversible (rusting of iron).

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