AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance Biology - Zoology Syllabus

Biology - Zoology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biology - Zoology in AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Animal Diversity and Structure

   3 topics

   • Animal Kingdom
     • Classification and basis of grouping
     • Non-chordates and chordates
   • Structural Organisation in Animals
     • Animal tissues
     • Morphology and anatomy of representative animals
   • Biomolecules
     • Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
     • Enzymes and their action
2. 2

   Human Physiology

   6 topics

   • Digestion and Absorption
     • Alimentary canal and digestive glands
     • Digestion of nutrients
   • Breathing and Respiration
     • Mechanism of breathing
     • Gas transport and exchange
   • Body Fluids and Circulation
     • Blood, lymph and heart structure
     • Cardiac cycle and ECG
   • Excretory Products and Elimination
     • Human excretory system
     • Urine formation and regulation
   • Locomotion and Movement
     • Skeletal system and joints
     • Muscle contraction
   • Neural and Chemical Coordination
     • Nervous system and reflex action
     • Endocrine glands and hormones
3. 3

   Human Reproduction and Development

   3 topics

   • Human Reproductive System
     • Male and female reproductive organs
     • Gametogenesis
   • Reproductive Cycle and Pregnancy
     • Menstrual cycle
     • Fertilization, implantation and gestation
   • Reproductive Health
     • Contraception and birth control
     • STDs and infertility
4. 4

   Human Health and Evolution

   3 topics

   • Human Health and Disease
     • Common infectious diseases and immunity
     • AIDS, cancer and drug abuse
   • Evolution
     • Origin of life and theories of evolution
     • Evidences and mechanisms of evolution
   • Microbes in Human Welfare
     • Microbes in food and industry
     • Microbes in sewage and biocontrol

Biology - Zoology flashcards for AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance

22 of 57 cards from the Biology - Zoology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. On what basis are animals classified into Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

   Fate of the blastopore: in protostomes the blastopore becomes the mouth, while in deuterostomes it becomes the anus.

2. What is the body symmetry and germ layer organisation of Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata)?

   Radial symmetry and diploblastic (two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm) organisation.

3. Which phylum is characterised by the presence of a water vascular system and tube feet?

   Phylum Echinodermata (e.g., starfish, sea urchin).

4. What are the four fundamental chordate features present at some stage of life?

   Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail.

5. What distinguishes the three subphyla of Chordata?

   Urochordata (notochord only in larval tail), Cephalochordata (notochord along whole body throughout life), and Vertebrata (notochord replaced by a vertebral column).

6. Which class of vertebrates is characterised by a four-chambered heart, mammary glands, and hair?

   Class Mammalia.

7. Name the four primary types of animal tissue.

   Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

8. What is the function of tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions in epithelial tissue?

   Tight junctions stop substances from leaking across tissue; adhering junctions cement neighbouring cells together; gap junctions allow rapid cell-to-cell communication by connecting cytoplasm.

9. How do the three types of muscle tissue differ in structure and control?

   Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary; smooth (visceral) muscle is non-striated and involuntary; cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary.

10. What is the most abundant protein in the animal body and where is it found?

    Collagen, found in connective tissue (e.g., tendons, ligaments, skin).

11. What are the monomer building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides?

    Amino acids for proteins, nucleotides for nucleic acids, and monosaccharides for polysaccharides.

12. What type of bond links amino acids in a protein, and what links monosaccharides in a polysaccharide?

    Peptide bonds link amino acids; glycosidic bonds link monosaccharides.

13. What are the four levels of protein structure?

    Primary (amino acid sequence), secondary (alpha-helix/beta-pleated sheet), tertiary (3D folding), and quaternary (assembly of multiple polypeptide subunits).

14. What is an enzyme and how does it affect a reaction?

    An enzyme is a biological catalyst (usually protein) that speeds up a reaction by lowering its activation energy, without being consumed.

15. Where does protein digestion begin and which enzyme initiates it?

    Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where pepsin (activated from pepsinogen by HCl) breaks proteins into peptides.

16. What is the role of bile in digestion, and where is it produced and stored?

    Bile emulsifies fats (breaks large fat globules into smaller ones); it is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

17. Name the three enzymes in pancreatic juice and the substrate each acts on.

    Trypsin (proteins), pancreatic amylase (carbohydrates/starch), and pancreatic lipase (fats).

18. What is the dental formula of an adult human?

    2123/2123 (per half jaw: 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars), giving 32 teeth total.

19. Where is most absorption of digested food carried out and which structures increase its surface area?

    In the small intestine; villi and microvilli greatly increase the absorptive surface area.

20. Differentiate between inspiration and expiration in terms of diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

    Inspiration: diaphragm contracts (flattens) and external intercostals contract, increasing thoracic volume; expiration: these muscles relax, decreasing thoracic volume.

21. What is tidal volume and its approximate value in a healthy human?

    Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing, approximately 500 mL.

22. How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

    About 70% as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), ~20-25% bound to haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin, and ~7% dissolved in plasma.

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