AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance Biology - Botany Syllabus

Biology - Botany syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biology - Botany in AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Diversity and Structure of Plants

   4 topics

   • Plant Kingdom
     • Algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes
     • Gymnosperms and angiosperms
   • Morphology of Flowering Plants
     • Root, stem and leaf modifications
     • Inflorescence, flower and fruit
   • Anatomy of Flowering Plants
     • Plant tissues and tissue systems
     • Secondary growth
   • Cell Structure and Function
     • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
     • Cell organelles and cell division
2. 2

   Plant Physiology

   5 topics

   • Transport in Plants
     • Water and mineral absorption
     • Transpiration and translocation
   • Mineral Nutrition
     • Essential elements and deficiency
     • Nitrogen metabolism
   • Photosynthesis
     • Light and dark reactions
     • C3, C4 pathways and photorespiration
   • Respiration in Plants
     • Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and ETC
   • Plant Growth and Development
     • Plant growth regulators
     • Photoperiodism and vernalization
3. 3

   Plant Reproduction and Genetics

   3 topics

   • Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
     • Pollination and fertilization
     • Embryo and seed development
   • Principles of Inheritance
     • Mendel's laws
     • Linkage and chromosomal theory
   • Molecular Basis of Inheritance
     • DNA structure and replication
     • Transcription, translation and gene regulation
4. 4

   Ecology and Biotechnology

   4 topics

   • Organisms and Environment
     • Population and ecological adaptations
   • Ecosystem
     • Energy flow and nutrient cycling
     • Ecological pyramids
   • Biodiversity and Conservation
     • Biodiversity patterns and loss
   • Biotechnology and its Applications
     • Genetic engineering principles
     • Applications in agriculture and medicine

Biology - Botany flashcards for AIIMS Nursing (BSc) Entrance

20 of 65 cards from the Biology - Botany deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In which kingdom are organisms that are eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic with cellulose cell walls, and store food as starch placed?

   Kingdom Plantae.

2. Name the five classes of algae and their respective storage products are varied, but which class is called the 'red algae'?

   Rhodophyceae (red algae); they store floridean starch and possess r-phycoerythrin pigment.

3. What is the dominant photosynthetic pigment that makes green algae (Chlorophyceae) green?

   Chlorophyll a and b.

4. In bryophytes, which generation is dominant - the gametophyte or sporophyte?

   The gametophyte (haploid) is dominant; the sporophyte is dependent on it.

5. Why are bryophytes called the 'amphibians of the plant kingdom'?

   Because they can live on land but need water for sexual reproduction (motile sperm swim to the egg).

6. What are the first true land plants to possess vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)?

   Pteridophytes.

7. In gymnosperms, are the ovules/seeds enclosed within an ovary?

   No; ovules are naked (not enclosed by ovary wall), so seeds are exposed/naked.

8. What is double fertilization, unique to angiosperms?

   One male gamete fuses with the egg (syngamy) to form the zygote (2n), and the second fuses with two polar nuclei (triple fusion) to form the endosperm (3n).

9. What type of root system is typically found in monocots versus dicots?

   Monocots: fibrous/adventitious roots; dicots: tap root system.

10. What is the difference between racemose and cymose inflorescence?

    Racemose: main axis grows indefinitely, flowers borne acropetally (oldest at base); cymose: main axis ends in a flower, flowers borne in basipetal order.

11. Define aestivation and name its four main types.

    Aestivation is the arrangement of sepals/petals in a floral bud: valvate, twisted, imbricate, and vexillary.

12. What is the floral formula symbol for an actinomorphic (radially symmetric) flower?

    A star/asterisk symbol (⊕).

13. What is parietal placentation?

    Ovules develop on the inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral parts; ovary is one-chambered but becomes two-chambered due to a false septum (e.g., mustard).

14. What are the three tissue systems in flowering plants?

    Epidermal tissue system, ground tissue system, and vascular tissue system.

15. What is the difference between a closed and an open vascular bundle?

    Open bundles contain cambium and can produce secondary tissues (dicots); closed bundles lack cambium and cannot (monocots).

16. What type of vascular bundle (xylem/phloem arrangement) is found in dicot stems versus dicot roots?

    Dicot stem: conjoint, collateral, open; dicot root: radial (xylem and phloem on separate radii).

17. What are Casparian strips and where are they located?

    Bands of suberin/lignin on the radial and tangential walls of endodermal cells in roots; they block apoplastic water movement.

18. Which cell organelle is called the 'powerhouse of the cell' and produces ATP?

    The mitochondrion.

19. State the cell theory and who proposed it.

    All living organisms are composed of cells and cell products, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells. Proposed by Schleiden and Schwann; the last part added by Rudolf Virchow.

20. What are the structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotes lack a true membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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