AIAPGET Unani Medicine (BUMS-based Paper) Syllabus

Unani Medicine (BUMS-based Paper) syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Unani Medicine (BUMS-based Paper) in AIAPGET, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Kulliyat-e-Tibb (Fundamental Principles)

   5 topics

   • Umoor-e-Tabiया — seven natural principles
     • Arkan (elements), Mizaj (temperament)
     • Akhlat (humours), Aaza (organs)
     • Arwah, Quwa, Afaal
   • Mizaj — temperaments and their derangement
   • Akhlat — four humours (Dam, Balgham, Safra, Sauda)
   • Tabiyat (Physis) and quwwat-e-mudabbira-e-badan
   • Umoor-e-ghair tabiya and asbab-e-sittah zarooriya
2. 2

   Tashreehul Badan & Munafeul Aza (Anatomy & Physiology)

   4 topics

   • Systemic anatomy with Unani correlation
   • Physiology of body systems and humoral basis
   • Concept of Ratubat and Hararat-e-Ghariziya
   • Hazm (digestion) — four stages
3. 3

   Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology) & Saidla (Pharmacy)

   5 topics

   • Mizaj of drugs and Afaal-e-Advia
   • Single drugs (Mufradat) and classification
   • Compound formulations (Murakkabat)
     • Itrifal, Majun, Habb, Sufoof
     • Sharbat, Arq, Khamira
   • Tariqe-e-Istemal and Badal (drug substitution)
   • Standardization and pharmacognosy of Unani drugs
4. 4

   Tashkhees & Ilaj (Diagnosis & Treatment)

   4 topics

   • Nabz (pulse), Baul (urine) and Baraz (stool) examination
   • Usool-e-Ilaj — principles of treatment
     • Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimenal therapy)
     • Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy)
     • Ilaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy)
   • Regimenal therapies (Fasd, Hijama, Dalak, Riyazat)
   • Management of common diseases (Humma, Niqras, Ziabetus)
5. 5

   Moalajat, Specialties & Hifzan-e-Sehat

   6 topics

   • Moalajat (general medicine) — major disease management
   • Ilmul Qabalat wa Amraz-e-Niswan (gynecology & obstetrics)
   • Amraz-e-Atfal (pediatrics)
   • Jarahat (surgery) and Ain, Uzn, Anf wa Halaq (ophthalmology/ENT)
   • Hifzan-e-Sehat (preventive & social medicine)
   • Tarikh-e-Tibb (history of Unani medicine)

Unani Medicine (BUMS-based Paper) flashcards for AIAPGET

20 of 50 cards from the Unani Medicine (BUMS-based Paper) deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the seven natural principles of the body in Unani medicine, collectively known as Umoor-e-Tabiya (al-Umur al-Tabi'iyah)?

   1) Arkan (elements), 2) Mizaj (temperament), 3) Akhlat (humours), 4) Aaza (organs), 5) Arwah (pneuma/vital spirits), 6) Quwa (faculties/powers), and 7) Afaal (functions/actions).

2. In Unani medicine, what are the four Arkan (elements) and their associated qualities?

   Arz (Earth) — cold & dry; Ma (Water) — cold & moist; Hawa (Air) — hot & moist; Naar (Fire) — hot & dry. They are the basic building blocks of all matter.

3. Define Mizaj (temperament) in Unani medicine.

   Mizaj is the new quality (kaifiyat) that results from the mutual interaction and reaction of the four elements (qualities of hot, cold, moist, dry) when mixed; it is the unique constitutional state of a body or substance.

4. What are the nine types of Mizaj (temperaments) classified in Unani medicine?

   One balanced (Mizaj Mutadil) and eight unbalanced (Ghair Mutadil): four simple (Har/hot, Barid/cold, Ratab/moist, Yabis/dry) and four compound (Har-Ratab, Har-Yabis, Barid-Ratab, Barid-Yabis).

5. What is Su-e-Mizaj and its two main types?

   Su-e-Mizaj is derangement/abnormality of temperament (a diseased state). Types: Su-e-Mizaj Sada (simple — without matter, only quality change) and Su-e-Mizaj Maddi (material — with morbid humour/matter involved).

6. Name the four Akhlat (humours) of Unani medicine with their temperaments.

   Dam (Blood) — hot & moist; Balgham (Phlegm) — cold & moist; Safra (Yellow bile) — hot & dry; Sauda (Black bile) — cold & dry.

7. Which humour (khilt) is considered the best and most essential for nourishment, and where is it predominantly formed?

   Dam (Blood) is the best humour, hot and moist, predominantly formed in the liver; it nourishes the entire body and is the medium carrying the other humours.

8. What is the principal site of formation of Safra (yellow bile) and Sauda (black bile) respectively?

   Safra is formed in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (Mirara); Sauda (black bile) is formed in the liver and its excess/sediment is stored in the spleen (Tihal).

9. In Unani medicine, what is Tabiyat (Physis)?

   Tabiyat is the body's innate self-regulating natural healing power (the physician within); it governs all physiological processes, maintains health, resists disease, and works to restore equilibrium.

10. What is Quwwat-e-Mudabbira-e-Badan?

    It is the governing/administering power of the body — the operational expression of Tabiyat that controls and coordinates all bodily functions, maintains homeostasis, and directs the healing process.

11. What are the Umoor-e-Ghair Tabiya (the six non-natural / essential factors), also called Asbab-e-Sittah Zarooriya?

    1) Hawa (air/environment), 2) Makool wa Mashroob (food & drink), 3) Harkat wa Sukoon Badani (physical activity & rest), 4) Harkat wa Sukoon Nafsani (psychic movement & rest/emotions), 5) Naum wa Yaqza (sleep & wakefulness), 6) Ehtebas wa Istifragh (retention & evacuation).

12. Why are the Asbab-e-Sittah Zarooriya (six essential factors) called 'zarooriya' (essential/necessary)?

    Because they are indispensable for the maintenance of life and health — every person is unavoidably exposed to them daily, and their proper regulation preserves health while their imbalance causes disease.

13. What are the three Arwah (vital pneuma/spirits) in Unani medicine and their seats?

    Ruh Tabai (natural spirit) — seat in liver; Ruh Haiwani (animal/vital spirit) — seat in heart; Ruh Nafsani (psychic spirit) — seat in brain. They are the carriers of the faculties.

14. What are the three main Quwa (faculties) and their controlling organs?

    Quwwat Tabaiya (natural faculty — liver, governs nutrition & growth); Quwwat Haiwaniya (vital faculty — heart, governs life & pneuma); Quwwat Nafsaniya (psychic faculty — brain, governs sensation, movement & cognition).

15. Define Hararat-e-Ghariziya (innate/instinctive heat) in Unani medicine.

    It is the inborn vital heat of the body, residing primarily in the heart and carried by Ruh, responsible for digestion, metabolism, growth, and maintenance of life; its decline marks aging and death.

16. What is Ratubat-e-Ghariziya (innate moisture) and its relationship with Hararat-e-Ghariziya?

    Ratubat-e-Ghariziya is the innate radical moisture of the body that serves as the fuel sustaining the innate heat (Hararat-e-Ghariziya). Life continues as long as the innate heat consumes this moisture; its exhaustion leads to death.

17. What are the four stages (manazil) of Hazm (digestion) in Unani medicine?

    1) Hazm Maedi (gastric/stomach digestion → chyme/Kelus), 2) Hazm Kabidi (hepatic/liver digestion → four humours), 3) Hazm Urooqi (vascular digestion in blood vessels), 4) Hazm Uzwi (tissue/cellular digestion at organ level).

18. What is the product of the first stage of digestion (Hazm Maedi) and what is the residue called?

    The product of gastric digestion is Kelus (chyme); the residue/waste is excreted as Baraz (faeces). Kelus then passes to the liver for the second stage.

19. What is the product of hepatic digestion (Hazm Kabidi)?

    The four humours (Akhlat) — Dam, Balgham, Safra, and Sauda are produced; the watery residue is excreted as Baul (urine) via the kidneys.

20. How is the Mizaj (temperament) of a drug (dawa) determined and graded in Unani medicine?

    A drug's Mizaj is judged by its action on the body relative to the normal human temperament, expressed in four degrees (Darajat): 1st (mild, no perceptible effect), 2nd (moderate), 3rd (strong), and 4th (extreme — may be toxic/lethal).

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