AIAPGET Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy Syllabus

Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy in AIAPGET, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Community Medicine & Public Health

   5 topics

   • Concepts of health, disease and epidemiology
     • Epidemiological triad and dynamics of transmission
     • Levels of prevention
   • Communicable and non-communicable disease control
   • Maternal, child health and family welfare
   • Nutrition and environmental health
   • Demography and vital statistics
2. 2

   Biostatistics & Research Methodology

   4 topics

   • Data types, sampling and study designs
   • Measures of central tendency and dispersion
   • Tests of significance and probability
   • Research ethics and protocol writing
3. 3

   National Health Programmes & AYUSH Policy

   4 topics

   • National health programmes and missions
   • National AYUSH Mission and integration of AYUSH
   • Healthcare delivery system in India
   • Drug regulation under Drugs & Cosmetics Act (AYUSH provisions)

Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy flashcards for AIAPGET

23 of 50 cards from the Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. Define "health" according to the WHO (1948) definition.

   A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

2. What is the epidemiological triad of disease causation?

   Agent, host, and environment. Disease results from interaction between these three factors.

3. Differentiate incidence from prevalence.

   Incidence = number of NEW cases over a period divided by population at risk (measures risk). Prevalence = total EXISTING cases (new + old) at a point/period divided by population (measures burden).

4. State the relationship between prevalence, incidence and duration.

   Prevalence = Incidence x mean Duration of disease (P = I x D), valid in a steady state.

5. Define an epidemic, endemic, and pandemic.

   Endemic = constant/usual presence of a disease in a given area. Epidemic = occurrence clearly in excess of expected in a community/region. Pandemic = an epidemic spread over several countries/continents affecting large numbers.

6. What are the levels of prevention in disease control?

   Primordial (prevent risk factor emergence), Primary (prevent disease onset), Secondary (early diagnosis & treatment), and Tertiary (limit disability & rehabilitation).

7. Define herd immunity.

   The level of resistance of a community/population to a disease as a result of a high proportion of members being immune, reducing the likelihood that a susceptible person will encounter an infected person.

8. What are the modes of disease transmission (direct vs indirect)?

   Direct: contact, droplet spread, contact with soil, inoculation, transplacental. Indirect: vehicle-borne, vector-borne (mechanical/biological), air-borne (droplet nuclei/dust), fomite-borne, unclean hands.

9. Define basic reproduction number (R0).

   The average number of secondary cases produced by one infected individual in a completely susceptible population. R0 >1 means the epidemic grows; R0 <1 means it declines.

10. What is the difference between a communicable and a non-communicable disease?

    Communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents and transmissible from person to person/source to host (e.g., TB, measles). Non-communicable diseases are non-infectious, often chronic, multifactorial and not transmissible (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cancer).

11. List the four major modifiable risk factors common to most non-communicable diseases.

    Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol.

12. Define the incubation period of an infectious disease.

    The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent (exposure) and the appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease.

13. What is the chain of infection?

    Infectious agent -> reservoir -> portal of exit -> mode of transmission -> portal of entry -> susceptible host. Breaking any link interrupts transmission.

14. Define maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and state its formula.

    MMR = (number of maternal deaths due to pregnancy/childbirth/puerperium in a year / total live births in that year) x 100,000. It measures obstetric risk.

15. Define infant mortality rate (IMR) and its formula.

    IMR = (number of infant deaths (under 1 year) in a year / total live births in the same year) x 1000. It is a sensitive index of a community's health.

16. What are the components of infant mortality (neonatal vs post-neonatal)?

    Neonatal mortality = deaths within first 28 days (early: 0-7 days; late: 7-28 days), mostly endogenous causes. Post-neonatal mortality = deaths from 28 days to 1 year, mostly exogenous (environmental/infective) causes.

17. What does the antenatal care concept of "high-risk approach" mean?

    Identifying and giving special/extra care to pregnant women at increased risk (e.g., elderly primi, short stature, anaemia, malpresentation, previous bad obstetric history) to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality.

18. What are the temporary (spacing) methods of contraception?

    Barrier (condom, diaphragm), intrauterine devices (IUD), hormonal (oral pills, injectables, implants), and natural methods (rhythm, withdrawal, lactational amenorrhoea).

19. Define total fertility rate (TFR).

    The average number of children a woman would bear during her lifetime if she experienced the current age-specific fertility rates. TFR ~2.1 is replacement level.

20. What are the classes of malnutrition by the Gomez classification?

    Based on weight-for-age vs reference: Normal (>90%), Grade I/mild (75-90%), Grade II/moderate (60-74%), Grade III/severe (<60%).

21. Differentiate kwashiorkor from marasmus.

    Kwashiorkor = severe protein deficiency with adequate calories; features edema, fatty liver, skin/hair changes, preserved subcutaneous fat. Marasmus = severe deficiency of both calories and protein; features gross wasting, no edema, "old man" face.

22. List the four major nutritional deficiency disorders of public health importance in India.

    Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), vitamin A deficiency (nutritional blindness), iron deficiency anaemia, and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).

23. What are the permissible/standard indicators of safe drinking water turbidity and residual chlorine?

    Turbidity should be <1 NTU (acceptable up to 5 NTU). Free residual chlorine should be at least 0.5 mg/L after 1 hour of contact to ensure disinfection.

See more Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy flashcards →

Planning Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy for AIAPGET

Community Medicine, Research Methodology & Health Policy (AIAPGET) FAQ