SBI PO Data Analysis And Interpretation (Mains) Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Data Analysis And Interpretation (Mains) deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. What is the mode of a data set?

   The value that appears most frequently in the data set; a set can have one mode, multiple modes, or no mode.

2. What is the empirical relationship between mean, median, and mode?

   Mode = 3 x Median - 2 x Mean (approximately, for a moderately skewed distribution).

3. For a positively (right) skewed distribution, how do mean, median, and mode compare?

   Mean > Median > Mode.

4. How is the weighted mean calculated?

   Weighted mean = (Sum of (each value x its weight)) / (Sum of the weights).

5. What is the formula for Simple Interest?

   SI = (P x R x T) / 100, where P = principal, R = rate per annum, T = time in years.

6. What is the formula for the amount under Compound Interest (compounded annually)?

   A = P(1 + R/100)^T, and Compound Interest = A - P.

7. How is compound interest computed when interest is compounded half-yearly?

   A = P(1 + (R/2)/100)^(2T)—the rate is halved and the number of periods is doubled.

8. What is the difference between CI and SI for 2 years on the same principal and rate?

   Difference = P x (R/100)^2 (equivalently P R^2 / 100^2).

9. What is the difference between CI and SI for 3 years?

   Difference = P x (R/100)^2 x (3 + R/100) = P R^2 (300 + R) / 100^3.

10. What is the formula for percentage profit?

    Profit % = (Profit / Cost Price) x 100, where Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price.

11. In banking numericals, how do you compute the interest earned on a recurring deposit/installment-based investment using SI logic?

    Sum the simple interest on each installment for the time it remains invested; for n monthly installments of P at rate R%, SI = P x n(n+1)/2 x (R/100) x (1/12).

12. How do you convert a ratio of two quantities into individual values when their total is given?

    Add the ratio parts to get the total parts, find the value of one part (Total / sum of parts), then multiply each ratio term by the value of one part.

13. What is the formula to find percentage change between two values?

    Percentage change = ((New value - Old value) / Old value) x 100; positive indicates increase, negative indicates decrease.

14. In DI, how do you find the average growth rate over multiple years from yearly data?

    Compute the percentage change for each year, then take the arithmetic mean of those percentage changes (for simple average growth), or use CAGR for compounded growth.

15. What is the CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) formula?

    CAGR = [(Final value / Initial value)^(1/n) - 1] x 100, where n is the number of years.

16. In an investment/partnership DI problem, how is profit shared among partners?

    Profit is divided in the ratio of each partner's (capital x time invested); if times are equal, profit splits in the ratio of capitals alone.

17. How do you compute Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) conceptually for a loan in banking problems?

    EMI = [P x r x (1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n - 1], where P = principal, r = monthly interest rate (annual rate/12/100), n = number of months.

18. In a quantity comparison set involving two equations, how do you solve for the comparison quickly?

    Solve each quadratic/linear equation for its roots, then compare every root of Quantity I against every root of Quantity II to determine a consistent relation (>, <, =, or no relation).

19. How do you find the new average when one observation is added to or removed from a data set?

    New average = (Old sum +/- the added/removed value) / (New count); recompute the total first, then divide by the updated number of observations.

20. In a probability data set involving 'at least one', what is the quickest method?

    Use the complement: P(at least one) = 1 - P(none); compute the probability that the event does not occur at all and subtract from 1.

21. In a multi-graph DI mixing a pie chart and a table, how do you extract an absolute value from a pie chart?

    Multiply the pie chart's percentage (or convert its degree share via degrees/360) by the grand total provided in the table: Value = (sector percentage/100) x total, or (sector degrees/360) x total.

22. How is the median computed for grouped/continuous frequency data?

    Median = L + [((N/2 - CF) / f) x h], where L = lower boundary of median class, N = total frequency, CF = cumulative frequency before median class, f = frequency of median class, h = class width.

23. In funnel DI, how do you compute the overall conversion from the first to the last stage given intermediate stage rates?

    Multiply the consecutive stage conversion rates together (as fractions): Overall rate = rate1 x rate2 x ... x rate(n-1), or simply (final stage value / first stage value) x 100.

24. In caselet DI using sets, how do you find the number in exactly one of two overlapping categories?

    Use n(only A) = n(A) - n(A and B) and n(only B) = n(B) - n(A and B); the total in exactly one = n(A) + n(B) - 2 x n(A and B).

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