MH CET Law Logical and Analytical Reasoning Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Logical and Analytical Reasoning deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. In Letter Series, name the common pattern families to check.

   Forward/backward shifts of fixed or increasing steps, alternating series, position-value arithmetic, and skip patterns (e.g., +2, +3, +4).

2. In Number Series, what type is 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ...?

   Perfect squares (1², 2², 3², 4², 5²); next term is 36.

3. In Number Series, identify: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ...

   Prime numbers in order; next term is 17.

4. In Analogy, how do you solve 'Hand : Glove :: Foot : ?'

   Identify the relationship (the second item covers/is worn on the first), then apply it: Foot : Sock (or Shoe). The answer covers the foot.

5. In Classification (odd-one-out), what is the method?

   Find the common property shared by most items; the one lacking that property (different category, type, or attribute) is the odd one out.

6. In Series Completion with missing/middle terms, how do you find a term in the middle of a sequence?

   Establish the rule from surrounding terms (difference, ratio, or pattern) and apply it forward from the prior term or backward from the next term to fill the gap.

7. What does it mean to 'strengthen' an argument?

   To provide additional information or evidence that makes the argument's conclusion more likely/credible, supporting the link between premise and conclusion.

8. What does it mean to 'weaken' an argument?

   To introduce information that undermines the conclusion, attacks an assumption, or breaks the premise–conclusion link, making the conclusion less likely.

9. When identifying the conclusion of an argument, what signal words help?

   Conclusion indicators: therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently, it follows that. Premise indicators: because, since, given that, for, as.

10. Define the logical fallacy 'ad hominem'.

    Attacking the person making the argument rather than addressing the argument itself; the rebuttal targets character, not the claim's merits.

11. Define the 'straw man' fallacy.

    Misrepresenting or oversimplifying an opponent's argument into a weaker version, then refuting that distorted version instead of the actual argument.

12. Define the fallacy 'post hoc ergo propter hoc'.

    Assuming that because event B followed event A, A must have caused B — confusing sequence/correlation with causation.

13. Define a 'circular reasoning' (begging the question) fallacy.

    An argument where the conclusion is assumed within the premise, so the reasoning merely restates the claim rather than proving it.

14. In Paradox questions, what is the goal of the correct answer choice?

    To resolve the apparent contradiction by providing a fact that reconciles the two seemingly conflicting statements, explaining how both can be true.

15. In Data Sufficiency, what does it mean if 'each statement alone is sufficient'?

    Either Statement 1 by itself or Statement 2 by itself provides enough information to answer the question definitively, independently of the other.

16. In Data Sufficiency, what is the standard order for testing the two statements?

    Evaluate Statement 1 alone, then Statement 2 alone (each independently); only if neither alone suffices do you combine them — and you judge sufficiency, not the actual value.

17. In Logical Venn Diagrams, how would you represent the relationship among 'Doctors, Women, Mothers'?

    Three overlapping circles: Women and Mothers overlap heavily (all mothers are women — Mothers inside Women), and Doctors overlaps partially with both, since some doctors are women/mothers.

18. In Logical Venn Diagrams, how do you represent 'Vegetables, Potatoes, Onions'?

    One big circle 'Vegetables' containing two separate (non-overlapping) smaller circles, 'Potatoes' and 'Onions', since both are vegetables but distinct from each other.

19. In Mathematical Operations (symbol substitution), what order of operations applies after substituting symbols?

    Apply BODMAS/PEMDAS: Brackets, Orders (powers/roots), Division and Multiplication (left to right), then Addition and Subtraction (left to right).

20. In coded inequalities, if A > B and B > C, what can you conclude about A and C?

    A > C. The strict inequality is transitive, so the relation carries through the chain.

21. In inequalities, when does 'A ≥ B and B ≥ C' allow concluding 'A = C'?

    Only as part of 'A ≥ C'; A = C is possible but not certain. A definite equality follows only if every link is an equality (A = B = C).

22. In coded inequalities, what happens to a conclusion when a strict (>) and a non-strict (≥) sign are mixed in a chain, e.g., A > B ≥ C?

    The overall relation is strict: A > C. A strict inequality anywhere in the chain makes the combined relation strict.

23. In Input-Output (machine) reasoning, what stays constant across all steps that lets you crack the logic?

    The rule applied at each step is fixed and repeated. Identify what changes from one step to the next (sorting, shifting, arranging by value/alphabet) and the number of elements rearranged per step.

24. In Input-Output sequencing, how do you find an intermediate step without working through all prior steps?

    Determine the per-step rule and how many elements are fixed/arranged each step, then apply that rule the required number of times from the input directly to reach the target step.

What this deck covers

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