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CSS Sociology Social Problems of Pakistan Flashcards
73 question-and-answer cards covering Social Problems of Pakistan as it is examined in CSS Sociology. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Social Problems of Pakistan deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the international extreme-poverty line set by the World Bank?
Living on less than about USD 2.15 per day (2017 PPP), the threshold for extreme poverty.
What is the 'poverty line' and how is the poverty headcount ratio defined?
The poverty line is the minimum income/consumption needed for basic needs; the headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below that line.
What is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and its three dimensions?
A measure of poverty beyond income using deprivations in three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living.
What is the 'vicious cycle of poverty'?
A self-reinforcing loop where low income causes low saving and investment, leading to low productivity and continued low income, trapping people in poverty (Nurkse).
What is the Gini coefficient?
A measure of income inequality ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), derived from the Lorenz curve.
Define literacy as used in Pakistan's census.
The ability to read and write, with understanding, a simple text and to perform basic arithmetic; in Pakistan, the ability of a person aged 10+ to read and write.
What is Pakistan's approximate literacy rate and the gender gap?
Roughly 60% overall, with male literacy markedly higher than female literacy (a gap of around 15-20 percentage points).
Define the school dropout rate.
The percentage of students who leave school before completing a given level of education without transferring to another school.
How many out-of-school children does Pakistan have, and what is its global significance?
Around 22-26 million out-of-school children, the second-highest number in the world.
What constitutional article makes education a right in Pakistan?
Article 25-A, guaranteeing free and compulsory education to all children aged 5 to 16.
Give two main causes of school dropout in Pakistan.
Poverty (children pushed into work) and direct/indirect costs, plus lack of nearby schools, poor quality, and early marriage of girls.
Define child labour as per ILO.
Work that deprives children of their childhood, potential, and dignity, and is harmful to their physical and mental development; work below the minimum legal age or that is hazardous.
What is the ILO minimum age for employment under Convention No. 138?
Generally 15 years (14 in some developing countries), and 18 for hazardous work, with 13 permitted for light work.
Distinguish child labour from child abuse.
Child labour is economically harmful or age-inappropriate work; child abuse is physical, sexual, emotional harm or neglect inflicted on a child.
Name the four recognized types of child abuse.
Physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, and neglect.
What is ILO Convention No. 182 about?
The elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including slavery, trafficking, prostitution, illicit activities, and hazardous work.
Define bonded labour.
A form of forced labour where a person works to repay a debt (often inherited), with terms so exploitative that the debt can never be cleared — a modern form of slavery.
Which Pakistani law abolished bonded labour and in what year?
The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act of 1992, which outlawed the system and cancelled outstanding bonded debts.
What is 'peshgi' in the context of bonded labour?
An advance payment or loan given to a worker by an employer that binds the worker (and often family) into bonded labour until it is repaid.
Name two sectors in Pakistan where bonded labour is most common.
Brick kilns and agriculture (e.g., sharecropping/haris), as well as carpet weaving and domestic work.
Which landmark Supreme Court case addressed bonded labour in Pakistan?
Darshan Masih (Bhatti) v. The State (1990), in which the Supreme Court took up bonded brick-kiln workers' plight and directed their release.
Compare absolute poverty and unemployment as social problems.
Poverty is about inability to meet basic needs (a lack of income/resources); unemployment is the lack of paid work. Unemployment is a major cause of poverty, but poverty can also exist among the employed ('working poor').
What is the difference between 'manifest' and 'latent' functions, useful in analyzing social problems?
Manifest functions are intended, recognized consequences of a social structure; latent functions are unintended, hidden consequences (Merton).
What sociological approach views social problems as arising from conflict over scarce resources between groups?
The Conflict Perspective (Marxist), which sees problems like poverty and crime as products of inequality and class exploitation.
What this deck covers
The Social Problems of Pakistan deck follows the CSS Sociology Social Problems of Pakistan syllabus — 5 chapters and 16 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 14.6 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 132 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Social Problems of Pakistan flashcards FAQ
How many Social Problems of Pakistan flashcards are in this CSS Sociology deck?
73 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these CSS Sociology flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 73-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Social Problems of Pakistan cards cover?
They follow the CSS Sociology Social Problems of Pakistan syllabus — 5 chapters and 16 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.