Examius
🇵🇰 COMSATS NTS-based Test · flashcards
COMSATS NTS-based Test Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) Flashcards
55 question-and-answer cards covering Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) as it is examined in COMSATS NTS-based Test. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the overall word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP).
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases more energy (CO2 and water as products); anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy (producing lactic acid in animals or ethanol and CO2 in yeast).
What is the main organ of gas exchange in humans, and where does exchange occur?
The lungs; gas exchange occurs in the alveoli (tiny air sacs).
What is excretion?
The removal of metabolic waste products (such as carbon dioxide, urea, and excess water/salts) from the body.
What is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by humans, and which organ produces it?
Urea, produced by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
The nephron.
State Mendel's Law of Segregation.
During gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait separate (segregate) so that each gamete carries only one allele of each gene.
State Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment.
Alleles of different genes assort (are distributed to gametes) independently of one another.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup (allele combination) of an organism; phenotype is its observable physical/biochemical characteristics.
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a gene (e.g., TT or tt); heterozygous means having two different alleles (e.g., Tt).
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes (Tt x Tt), what is the phenotypic and genotypic ratio?
Phenotypic ratio 3:1 (dominant:recessive); genotypic ratio 1:2:1 (TT:Tt:tt).
What does DNA stand for, and what is its full chemical name?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA, and how do they pair?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine; adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C).
What is the shape of the DNA molecule, and who proposed it?
A double helix, proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick (1953).
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar and bases?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and uses thymine; RNA has ribose sugar and uses uracil instead of thymine. RNA is usually single-stranded.
What is the theory of natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin?
Organisms with favorable heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce ('survival of the fittest'), passing those traits to offspring, leading to evolution over time.
What is the smallest unit of digital information, and what are its two possible values?
A bit (binary digit), which can be either 0 or 1.
How many bits are in one byte, and what does a byte typically represent?
8 bits; a byte typically represents one character.
What is the difference between hardware and software?
Hardware is the physical components of a computer (e.g., CPU, monitor, keyboard); software is the set of programs/instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
What are the two main components of the CPU, and what does each do?
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs calculations and logical operations, and the Control Unit (CU), which directs and coordinates operations.
What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile, temporary read/write memory that loses data when power is off; ROM (Read Only Memory) is non-volatile, permanent memory that retains data without power.
What is the difference between system software and application software?
System software (e.g., the operating system) manages and runs the computer hardware; application software (e.g., word processors, browsers) performs specific tasks for the user.
What is an operating system, and name two examples?
An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for programs; examples include Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android.
What is the difference between an input device and an output device, with one example of each?
An input device sends data into the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse); an output device displays or sends data out (e.g., monitor, printer).
What this deck covers
The Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) deck follows the COMSATS NTS-based Test Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) syllabus — 6 chapters and 20 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 9.2 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 113 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) flashcards FAQ
How many Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) flashcards are in this COMSATS NTS-based Test deck?
55 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these COMSATS NTS-based Test flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 55-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) cards cover?
They follow the COMSATS NTS-based Test Biology and Computer Science (NAT-IM / NAT-ICS) syllabus — 6 chapters and 20 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.