UGC NET Management Unit - X Syllabus

Unit - X syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Unit - X in UGC NET Management, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Concept, Types, Theories and Process

   1 topic

   • Entrepreneurship Development
2. 2

   Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies

   1 topic

   • Entrepreneurial Competencies
3. 3

   Intrapreneurship - Concept and Process

   1 topic

   • Intrapreneurship
4. 4

   Women Entrepreneurship and Rural Entrepreneurship

   2 topics

   • Women Entrepreneurship
   • Rural Entrepreneurship
5. 5

   Innovations in Business - Types of Innovations, Creating and Identifying Opportunities, Screening of Business Ideas

   3 topics

   • Types of Innovations
   • Creating and Identifying Opportunities
   • Screening of Business Ideas
6. 6

   Business Plan and Feasibility Analysis - Concept and Process of Technical, Market and Financial Analysis

   2 topics

   • Business Plan
   • Feasibility Analysis
     • Technical Analysis
     • Market Analysis
     • Financial Analysis
7. 7

   Micro and Small Scale Industries in India; Role of Government in Promoting SSI

   2 topics

   • Micro and Small Scale Industries in India
   • Role of Government in Promoting SSI
8. 8

   Sickness in Small Industries - Reasons and Rehabilitation

   1 topic

   • Sickness in Small Industries
     • Reasons
     • Rehabilitation
9. 9

   Institutional Finance to Small Industries - Financial Institutions, Commercial Banks, Cooperative Banks, Micro Finance

   4 topics

   • Financial Institutions
   • Commercial Banks
   • Cooperative Banks
   • Micro Finance

Unit - X flashcards for UGC NET Management

20 of 54 cards from the Unit - X deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What is entrepreneurship development?

   It is the process of enhancing the entrepreneurial skills, knowledge, and attitudes of individuals through structured training and programmes (EDPs) to enable them to start and successfully run enterprises.

2. Define an entrepreneur.

   A person who identifies a business opportunity, organizes the factors of production (land, labour, capital), bears risk and uncertainty, and undertakes innovation to create and run an enterprise for profit.

3. According to Joseph Schumpeter, what is the core function of an entrepreneur?

   Innovation — carrying out 'new combinations' such as a new product, new method of production, new market, new source of supply, or new organization of an industry.

4. What are entrepreneurial competencies?

   The underlying characteristics — knowledge, skills, motives, traits, and attitudes — that result in superior entrepreneurial performance, e.g., initiative, opportunity-seeking, risk-taking, and persistence.

5. Name the three clusters of entrepreneurial competencies in McClelland's framework.

   (1) Achievement cluster (opportunity-seeking, persistence, commitment, quality, risk-taking); (2) Planning cluster (goal-setting, information-seeking, systematic planning); (3) Power cluster (persuasion, networking, self-confidence).

6. What is the need for achievement (n-Ach) theory and who proposed it?

   Proposed by David McClelland; it holds that people with a high need for achievement are more likely to become entrepreneurs because they seek challenge, take calculated risks, and want feedback on performance.

7. Define intrapreneurship.

   The practice of entrepreneurship within an existing organization, where employees ('intrapreneurs') develop innovative products, services, or processes using company resources while bearing limited personal risk.

8. Who coined the term 'intrapreneur' and what does it mean?

   Gifford Pinchot III; an intrapreneur is an employee who behaves like an entrepreneur inside a large organization, driving innovation without leaving the firm.

9. State two key differences between an entrepreneur and an intrapreneur.

   (1) An entrepreneur works independently and bears full financial risk; an intrapreneur works within an organization and bears limited/no personal financial risk. (2) The entrepreneur owns the enterprise; the intrapreneur uses organizational resources and is an employee.

10. What is women entrepreneurship as defined by the Government of India?

    An enterprise owned and controlled by women, having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated to women.

11. Name three major problems faced by women entrepreneurs in India.

    Limited access to finance/credit, lack of family and social support (mobility and gender bias), and shortage of managerial/technical training and market exposure.

12. Name two government schemes that support women entrepreneurs in India.

    Mahila Udyam Nidhi Scheme (SIDBI) and the Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD) scheme; also Stand-Up India and Mudra Yojana.

13. What is rural entrepreneurship?

    Establishing and running enterprises (agro-based, village/cottage, and small industries) in rural areas to generate employment, utilize local resources, and reduce rural-to-urban migration.

14. Name two institutions that promote rural entrepreneurship in India.

    Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) and NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development).

15. State two major problems of rural entrepreneurship.

    Lack of infrastructure (power, transport, communication) and inadequate finance/marketing facilities, along with low technical skills and competition from urban products.

16. What are the major types of innovation identified by Schumpeter?

    (1) New product/good, (2) new method of production, (3) opening a new market, (4) new source of raw material supply, and (5) new organization of an industry.

17. Differentiate between product innovation and process innovation.

    Product innovation is the introduction of a new or improved good/service; process innovation is a new or improved method of producing or delivering goods/services to cut cost or raise quality.

18. Differentiate between incremental and radical (disruptive) innovation.

    Incremental innovation makes small, continuous improvements to existing products/processes; radical/disruptive innovation introduces breakthrough changes that create new markets or render existing ones obsolete.

19. What is the difference between invention and innovation?

    Invention is the creation of a new idea or device; innovation is the successful commercial application of an invention to create economic or social value.

20. What does 'creating and identifying opportunities' mean in entrepreneurship?

    The process of scanning the environment to discover or create unmet needs, market gaps, and trends that can be converted into a viable, profitable business venture.

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