PPSC Educators Test Everyday Science Syllabus

Everyday Science syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Everyday Science in PPSC Educators Test, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Physics in Daily Life

   3 topics

   • Motion, Force and Energy
   • Heat, Light and Sound
   • Electricity and Magnetism
2. 2

   Chemistry in Daily Life

   3 topics

   • Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
   • Acids, Bases and Salts
   • Common Chemicals and Uses
3. 3

   Biology and Human Body

   3 topics

   • Cell, Tissues and Organs
   • Human Body Systems
   • Nutrition, Vitamins and Diseases
4. 4

   Environment and Technology

   3 topics

   • Atmosphere and Pollution
   • Ecosystem and Natural Resources
   • Modern Scientific Technology
5. 5

   Astronomy and Earth Science

   2 topics

   • Solar System and Universe
   • Earth Structure and Weather

Everyday Science flashcards for PPSC Educators Test

25 of 50 cards from the Everyday Science deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. State Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia).

   A body remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

2. What is the formula for force according to Newton's Second Law?

   Force = mass x acceleration (F = ma). The SI unit is the newton (N).

3. Define momentum and give its SI unit.

   Momentum is the product of mass and velocity (p = m x v). Its SI unit is kilogram metre per second (kg·m/s).

4. What is the difference between speed and velocity?

   Speed is a scalar quantity (magnitude only); velocity is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction).

5. State the law of conservation of energy.

   Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. The total energy remains constant.

6. Give the formulas for kinetic energy and potential energy.

   Kinetic energy = ½mv²; Gravitational potential energy = mgh (m = mass, v = velocity, g = gravity, h = height).

7. What is the value of the acceleration due to gravity (g) on Earth?

   Approximately 9.8 m/s² (often rounded to 9.81 m/s²).

8. Differentiate between heat and temperature.

   Heat is the total thermal energy transferred between bodies (measured in joules); temperature is the degree of hotness/coldness, the average kinetic energy of particles (measured in degrees or kelvin).

9. Name the three methods of heat transfer.

   Conduction (through solids), convection (through fluids), and radiation (through electromagnetic waves, requiring no medium).

10. What are the laws of reflection of light?

    1) The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 2) The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane.

11. What is refraction of light?

    The bending of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another due to a change in its speed.

12. Why does the sky appear blue?

    Because of the scattering of sunlight by air molecules (Rayleigh scattering); blue light, having a shorter wavelength, scatters more than other colours.

13. Why can sound not travel through a vacuum?

    Sound is a mechanical wave that requires a material medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate; a vacuum has no particles to vibrate.

14. What is the approximate speed of sound in air and the speed of light in a vacuum?

    Speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s (~340 m/s at 20°C); speed of light in vacuum is about 3 x 10⁸ m/s (300,000 km/s).

15. State Ohm's Law and its formula.

    At constant temperature, current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it: V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance).

16. What is the SI unit of electric current, and what instrument measures it?

    The SI unit of current is the ampere (A); it is measured with an ammeter (connected in series).

17. Differentiate between conductors and insulators.

    Conductors allow electric current to flow easily (e.g., copper, silver); insulators resist the flow of current (e.g., rubber, glass, plastic).

18. What are the like and unlike pole rules of magnets?

    Like poles (N-N or S-S) repel each other; unlike poles (N-S) attract each other.

19. Differentiate between an element, a compound, and a mixture.

    An element is a pure substance of one type of atom; a compound is two or more elements chemically combined in fixed ratio; a mixture is two or more substances physically combined and separable by physical means.

20. What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

    An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its properties; a molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

21. Differentiate between a physical change and a chemical change.

    A physical change alters form/state but not composition and is usually reversible (e.g., melting ice); a chemical change forms a new substance and is usually irreversible (e.g., burning wood).

22. What is the pH scale, and what do acids and bases register?

    The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14; acids have pH below 7, bases (alkalis) have pH above 7, and pure water (neutral) has pH 7.

23. What do acids and bases turn litmus paper?

    Acids turn blue litmus red; bases (alkalis) turn red litmus blue.

24. What is a neutralization reaction?

    The reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water (Acid + Base → Salt + Water).

25. What are the common names of NaCl, NaHCO₃, and CaCO₃?

    NaCl is common/table salt; NaHCO₃ is baking soda (sodium bicarbonate); CaCO₃ is limestone/chalk/marble (calcium carbonate).

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