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🇵🇰 NTS NAT-IM · subject
NTS NAT-IM Chemistry Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of Chemistry examined in NTS NAT-IM — 10 chapters, 30 topics, plus 51 flashcards written against it.
Chemistry syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Chemistry in NTS NAT-IM, not a summary of it.
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Atomic Structure
3 topics- Sub-Atomic Particles
- Bohr's Model and Quantum Numbers
- Electronic Configuration
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Chemical Bonding
3 topics- Ionic and Covalent Bonds
- Bond Polarity and Shapes of Molecules
- Hybridization
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States of Matter
3 topics- Gases and Gas Laws
- Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
- Solids and Crystal Structure
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Chemical Equilibrium and Thermochemistry
3 topics- Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Constant
- Le Chatelier's Principle
- Enthalpy and Energetics
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Reaction Kinetics and Electrochemistry
3 topics- Rate of Reaction and Factors
- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- Electrolysis and Cells
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Acids, Bases and Solutions
3 topics- pH and Acid-Base Theories
- Buffers and Salts
- Concentration and Colligative Properties
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Periodic Table and s/p-Block Elements
3 topics- Periodic Trends
- Group I, II and Halogens
- Transition Elements
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Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
3 topics- Nomenclature and Classification
- Isomerism
- Reaction Mechanisms Overview
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Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups
3 topics- Hydrocarbons
- Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
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Biochemistry and Industrial Chemistry
3 topics- Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids
- Polymers and Macromolecules
- Environmental and Industrial Chemistry
Chemistry flashcards for NTS NAT-IM
21 of 51 cards from the Chemistry deck — real questions with worked answers.
What are the three sub-atomic particles, and what is the relative charge and relative mass of each?
Proton (charge +1, mass 1 amu), Neutron (charge 0, mass 1 amu), and Electron (charge -1, mass ~1/1836 amu, essentially negligible).
Who discovered the electron, the proton, and the neutron?
Electron: J.J. Thomson (1897); Proton: E. Goldstein (canal rays) / Rutherford named it; Neutron: James Chadwick (1932).
Define atomic number (Z) and mass number (A).
Atomic number (Z) = number of protons in the nucleus. Mass number (A) = number of protons + number of neutrons (nucleons).
What are isotopes? Give an example.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number (protons) but different mass numbers (different numbers of neutrons). Example: carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Number of neutrons = Mass number (A) - Atomic number (Z).
What is the charge-to-mass ratio (e/m) of an electron determined by Thomson?
The e/m ratio of an electron is 1.7588 x 10^11 coulombs per kilogram (C/kg).
What did Millikan's oil drop experiment determine?
It determined the charge on an electron, e = 1.602 x 10^-19 coulombs, and (with Thomson's e/m) the mass of the electron = 9.11 x 10^-31 kg.
State the main postulate of Bohr's atomic model regarding electron orbits.
Electrons revolve around the nucleus only in certain fixed, quantized circular orbits (stationary states) of definite energy, without radiating energy. The angular momentum is quantized as mvr = nh/2pi.
In Bohr's model, when is energy emitted or absorbed by an atom?
Energy is absorbed when an electron jumps to a higher energy level and emitted (as a photon) when it falls to a lower level; the energy difference equals hv (delta E = E2 - E1 = hv).
What does the Principal Quantum Number (n) describe and what values can it take?
It describes the main energy level/shell, the size and energy of the orbital. Values: n = 1, 2, 3, 4... (positive integers).
What does the Azimuthal (Angular Momentum) Quantum Number (l) describe and what are its values?
It describes the subshell and the shape of the orbital. Values range from 0 to (n-1). l=0 is s, l=1 is p, l=2 is d, l=3 is f.
What does the Magnetic Quantum Number (m) describe and what are its values?
It describes the orientation of the orbital in space. Values range from -l to +l, including 0 (total of 2l+1 values).
What does the Spin Quantum Number (s) describe and what values can it take?
It describes the spin direction of the electron. Values: +1/2 (clockwise) or -1/2 (counterclockwise).
State the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of all four quantum numbers; thus an orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins.
State Hund's Rule of maximum multiplicity.
Electrons fill degenerate (equal-energy) orbitals singly first, all with parallel spins, before any orbital is doubly occupied (pairing begins only after each is half-filled).
State the Aufbau Principle.
Electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy, lowest energy first. The order follows the (n+l) rule (e.g., 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d...).
What is the maximum number of electrons that a shell can hold?
Maximum electrons in a shell = 2n^2, where n is the principal quantum number (e.g., n=1 holds 2, n=2 holds 8, n=3 holds 18).
Write the ground-state electronic configuration of a neutral chlorine atom (Z=17).
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5.
Why is the electronic configuration of chromium (Z=24) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 instead of 3d4 4s2?
A half-filled 3d5 subshell is more stable (lower energy) due to symmetry and exchange energy, so one 4s electron shifts to 3d.
Define an ionic (electrovalent) bond.
An ionic bond is the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal to a non-metal.
Define a covalent bond.
A covalent bond is formed by the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms (typically non-metals) to achieve a stable octet.
Planning Chemistry for NTS NAT-IM
Chemistry is about 20% of the NTS NAT-IM syllabus by topic count — 30 of 151 topics, spread over 10 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 25 hours.
The heaviest chapters are Atomic Structure (3 topics), Chemical Bonding (3 topics), States of Matter (3 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
Chemistry (NTS NAT-IM) FAQ
What is in the NTS NAT-IM Chemistry syllabus?
Chemistry is split into 10 chapters — Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, States of Matter, Chemical Equilibrium and Thermochemistry, Reaction Kinetics and Electrochemistry and Acids, Bases and Solutions, and 4 more, containing 30 topics and 0 sub-topics in total.
How many chapters are there in Chemistry for NTS NAT-IM?
10 chapters. Chemistry accounts for about 20% of the topics in the whole NTS NAT-IM syllabus (30 of 151).
How long should I spend on Chemistry for NTS NAT-IM?
Budget around 25 hours for a first pass through Chemistry — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 30 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for NTS NAT-IM Chemistry?
Yes — a 51-card Chemistry deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.