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🇵🇰 NTS NAT-IM · subject
NTS NAT-IM Biology Syllabus
Every chapter and topic of Biology examined in NTS NAT-IM — 9 chapters, 31 topics, plus 51 flashcards written against it.
Biology syllabus — full chapter and topic list
Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biology in NTS NAT-IM, not a summary of it.
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The Cell and Biomolecules
4 topics- Cell Structure and Organelles
- Cell Membrane and Transport
- Biomolecules
- Enzymes
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Diversity of Life
4 topics- Biodiversity and Classification
- Viruses, Bacteria and Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista and Fungi
- Variety in Plants and Animals
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Bioenergetics
2 topics- Photosynthesis
- Respiration and ATP
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Plant Physiology
3 topics- Transport in Plants
- Nutrition in Plants
- Growth and Plant Hormones
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Human Physiology
4 topics- Digestion and Nutrition
- Gaseous Exchange and Respiration
- Transport and Circulatory System
- Homeostasis and Excretion
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Coordination and Control
3 topics- Nervous System
- Endocrine System and Hormones
- Receptors and Effectors
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Reproduction
3 topics- Reproduction in Plants
- Reproduction in Humans
- Development and Aging
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Inheritance and Evolution
4 topics- Cell Cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mendelian Genetics
- Chromosomes and DNA
- Variation and Evolution
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Biotechnology and Ecology
4 topics- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Ecosystems and Energy Flow
- Population and Community
- Man and His Environment
Biology flashcards for NTS NAT-IM
22 of 51 cards from the Biology deck — real questions with worked answers.
What are the two fundamental cell types based on the presence or absence of a nucleus?
Prokaryotic cells (no membrane-bound nucleus) and eukaryotic cells (true membrane-bound nucleus).
Which organelle is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production, and what is its nickname?
The mitochondrion; it is called the 'powerhouse of the cell'.
What is the function of ribosomes, and what are they made of?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis; they are made of rRNA and protein, with large and small subunits.
Which organelle modifies, packages, and sorts proteins for secretion?
The Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex).
What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER has ribosomes and synthesizes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.
Which organelle contains hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes and is called the 'suicidal bag' of the cell?
The lysosome.
What structures are present in a plant cell but absent in a typical animal cell?
Cell wall (cellulose), chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole.
What molecule mainly makes up the plant cell wall, and the fungal cell wall?
Plant cell wall is mainly cellulose; fungal cell wall is mainly chitin.
According to the fluid mosaic model, what are the main components of the cell membrane?
A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, plus cholesterol and carbohydrates (glycoproteins/glycolipids).
Define diffusion.
The net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, down the concentration gradient, without energy input.
Define osmosis.
The movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to lower water potential (concentrated solution) across a selectively permeable membrane.
How does active transport differ from passive transport?
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient and requires energy (ATP) plus carrier proteins; passive transport moves down the gradient and needs no energy.
What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water enters the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and possibly burst (lysis/hemolysis).
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis brings material into the cell by engulfing it in a vesicle; exocytosis expels material out of the cell by fusing a vesicle with the membrane.
What are the four main classes of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the monomer (building block) of proteins, and what bond joins them?
Amino acids are the monomers; they are joined by peptide bonds.
What is the general molecular formula of carbohydrates, and what bond links monosaccharides?
The general formula is (CH2O)n or Cn(H2O)n; monosaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds.
Name the three storage/structural polysaccharides of glucose and where each is found.
Starch (plant storage), glycogen (animal storage), and cellulose (plant structural).
What elements are always present in proteins that are absent in carbohydrates and lipids?
Nitrogen (and usually sulfur), in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are the building blocks of a nucleotide?
A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up a biochemical reaction without being consumed by lowering the activation energy.
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction is catalyzed.
Planning Biology for NTS NAT-IM
Biology is about 21% of the NTS NAT-IM syllabus by topic count — 31 of 151 topics, spread over 9 chapters. At roughly 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic, a first pass runs to about 25 hours.
The heaviest chapters are The Cell and Biomolecules (4 topics), Diversity of Life (4 topics), Human Physiology (4 topics) . Front-load those while your energy is high; the short chapters are better revision filler later.
Work top-down: read the chapter, then tick topics off individually rather than marking the whole chapter done. Sub-topics are where silent gaps hide.
Biology (NTS NAT-IM) FAQ
What is in the NTS NAT-IM Biology syllabus?
Biology is split into 9 chapters — The Cell and Biomolecules, Diversity of Life, Bioenergetics, Plant Physiology, Human Physiology and Coordination and Control, and 3 more, containing 31 topics and 0 sub-topics in total.
How is Biology structured in the NTS NAT-IM syllabus?
9 chapters. Biology accounts for about 21% of the topics in the whole NTS NAT-IM syllabus (31 of 151).
How long should I spend on Biology for NTS NAT-IM?
Budget around 25 hours for a first pass through Biology — about 45 minutes per topic plus 12 minutes per sub-topic across its 31 topics. Add revision cycles on top.
Are there flashcards for NTS NAT-IM Biology?
Yes — a 51-card Biology deck. Sample cards are printed on this page, and the full deck is free in the Examius app with spaced repetition scheduling.