NEET PG Surgery Syllabus

Surgery syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Surgery in NEET PG, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   General Surgery

   3 topics

   • Principles of surgery
     • Aseptic technique
     • Surgical instruments
     • Wound healing
     • Surgical complications
   • Preoperative evaluation
     • Patient assessment
     • Informed consent
     • Preoperative optimization
     • Risk stratification
   • Postoperative care
     • Monitoring
     • Pain management
     • Wound care
     • Prevention of surgical site infections
2. 2

   Gastrointestinal Surgery

   4 topics

   • Abdominal wall hernias
     • Inguinal hernia
     • Femoral hernia
     • Umbilical hernia
     • Incisional hernia
   • Esophageal disorders
     • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
     • Esophageal cancer
     • Achalasia
     • Esophageal diverticula
   • Gastric and duodenal disorders
     • Peptic ulcer disease
     • Gastric cancer
     • Duodenal diverticula
   • Colorectal disorders
     • Colorectal cancer
     • Diverticular disease
     • Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)
     • Anorectal disorders (hemorrhoids, anal fissures)
3. 3

   Hepatobiliary Surgery

   3 topics

   • Gallbladder diseases
     • Cholelithiasis
     • Cholecystitis
     • Gallbladder polyps
     • Gallbladder cancer
   • Liver diseases
     • Hepatocellular carcinoma
     • Liver abscess
     • Hepatic cysts
     • Liver transplantation
   • Pancreatic diseases
     • Pancreatitis
     • Pancreatic cancer
     • Pancreatic pseudocysts
     • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
4. 4

   Endocrine Surgery

   3 topics

   • Thyroid disorders
     • Thyroid nodules
     • Thyroid cancer
     • Graves' disease
     • Thyroidectomy
   • Parathyroid disorders
     • Primary hyperparathyroidism
     • Parathyroid adenoma
     • Parathyroidectomy
   • Adrenal disorders
     • Adrenal incidentaloma
     • Adrenal adenoma
     • Adrenal carcinoma
     • Adrenalectomy
5. 5

   Breast Surgery

   2 topics

   • Benign breast disorders
     • Fibroadenoma
     • Fibrocystic changes
     • Breast cysts
     • Breast pain
   • Breast cancer
     • Diagnosis
     • Staging
     • Lumpectomy
     • Mastectomy
     • Breast reconstruction
6. 6

   Vascular Surgery

   3 topics

   • Arterial diseases
     • Atherosclerosis
     • Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
     • Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
     • Carotid artery disease
   • Venous diseases
     • Varicose veins
     • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
     • Venous insufficiency
     • Venous ulcers
   • Vascular access
     • Central venous catheterization
     • Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
     • Arteriovenous graft (AVG) creation for hemodialysis
7. 7

   Trauma Surgery

   3 topics

   • Evaluation and management of trauma patients
     • Primary survey (ABCDE approach)
     • Secondary survey
     • Management of life-threatening injuries
   • Traumatic brain injury
     • Head injury classification (Glasgow Coma Scale, Traumatic Brain Injury Severity Score)
     • Intracranial hemorrhage
     • Surgical interventions (craniotomy, craniectomy)
   • Abdominal trauma
     • Blunt abdominal trauma
     • Penetrating abdominal trauma
     • Solid organ injuries (liver, spleen)
     • Hollow viscus injuries (bowel perforation)
8. 8

   Orthopedic Surgery

   3 topics

   • Fractures and Dislocations
     • Principles of fracture management (reduction, fixation)
     • Closed fractures
     • Open fractures
     • Common fractures
   • Joint Replacement Surgery
     • Total hip replacement (THR)
     • Total knee replacement (TKR)
     • Shoulder arthroplasty
   • Spine Surgery
     • Degenerative spine disorders
     • Spinal fusion
     • Laminectomy
9. 9

   Renal and ureteric disorders

   4 topics

   • Renal stones
   • Renal cell carcinoma
   • Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction
   • Ureteral strictures
10. 10

    Pediatric Surgery

    2 topics

    • Neonatal surgery
      • Congenital anomalies (gastroschisis, omphalocele)
      • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
      • Esophageal atresia
    • Pediatric abdominal surgery
      • Appendicitis
      • Intussusception
      • Hirschsprung's disease
      • Pediatric tumors (Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma)

Surgery flashcards for NEET PG

18 of 67 cards from the Surgery deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation seen in surgical wounds?

   Rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and functio laesa (loss of function).

2. In surgical wound classification, what is a 'clean-contaminated' wound and its expected infection rate?

   A wound entering the respiratory, GI, or genitourinary tract under controlled conditions without unusual contamination; infection rate roughly 3-11%. (Clean ~1-2%, contaminated ~10-17%, dirty >27%.)

3. According to ASA physical status classification, what does ASA III denote?

   A patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating / limits activity but is not a constant threat to life (e.g., poorly controlled diabetes or hypertension, stable angina).

4. Per Goldman's cardiac risk index logic, which is the single most important predictor of perioperative cardiac risk to assess preoperatively?

   Functional capacity in METs; inability to achieve 4 METs (e.g., climbing a flight of stairs) signals high perioperative cardiac risk.

5. How long before elective surgery should clear liquids, breast milk, and solids/fatty meals be stopped (ASA fasting guidelines)?

   Clear liquids 2 hours, breast milk 4 hours, light meal/formula 6 hours, and fatty/fried meals or meat 8 hours.

6. What is the most common cause of fever in the first 24-48 hours after surgery (POD 1)?

   Atelectasis (the classic '5 Ws': Wind-atelectasis/pneumonia POD1-2, Water-UTI POD3-5, Wound POD5-7, Walking-DVT POD5+, Wonder drugs anytime).

7. What surgical condition is suggested by postoperative fever appearing within hours and erythema with crepitus around the wound?

   Necrotizing soft tissue infection (e.g., clostridial myonecrosis or group A strep), a surgical emergency requiring urgent debridement.

8. What is the most common type of abdominal wall hernia overall and the most common in both men and women?

   Inguinal hernia is the most common abdominal wall hernia and the most common type in both sexes (indirect inguinal hernia is the single most common subtype).

9. How are indirect and direct inguinal hernias distinguished anatomically relative to the inferior epigastric vessels?

   Indirect hernias protrude lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels through the deep ring; direct hernias protrude medial to them through Hesselbach's triangle.

10. What are the borders of Hesselbach's triangle?

    Medially the rectus abdominis (lateral border), laterally the inferior epigastric vessels, and inferiorly the inguinal ligament.

11. Which abdominal wall hernia has the highest risk of strangulation, and through which anatomical opening does it pass?

    Femoral hernia has the highest strangulation risk; it passes below the inguinal ligament through the femoral canal, medial to the femoral vein.

12. What is the most common esophageal motility disorder caused by failure of LES relaxation, and its classic barium finding?

    Achalasia (loss of myenteric/Auerbach plexus inhibitory neurons); barium swallow shows a dilated esophagus with a smooth 'bird's beak' tapering at the LES.

13. What is Barrett's esophagus and why is it clinically significant?

    Metaplastic replacement of distal esophageal squamous epithelium by columnar (intestinal) epithelium due to chronic GERD; it is the major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma.

14. Compare the two histologic types of esophageal cancer by location and main risk factors.

    Squamous cell carcinoma: upper/middle third, linked to smoking, alcohol, hot beverages. Adenocarcinoma: lower third/GE junction, linked to GERD, Barrett's, and obesity.

15. What is the surgical treatment of choice for achalasia and the procedure often added to prevent reflux?

    Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (division of LES muscle), usually combined with a partial (Dor or Toupet) fundoplication to reduce postoperative reflux.

16. What organism causes most peptic ulcers, and what is the most common site of duodenal versus gastric ulcers?

    Helicobacter pylori. Duodenal ulcers occur most commonly in the first part (bulb), usually on the anterior/posterior wall; gastric ulcers most commonly at the lesser curvature (incisura angularis).

17. Which peptic ulcer location classically causes massive bleeding from erosion of which artery, and which causes perforation?

    Posterior duodenal ulcers bleed by eroding the gastroduodenal artery; anterior duodenal ulcers tend to perforate into the peritoneal cavity.

18. What is the modified Johnson classification used for, and what does Type I gastric ulcer represent?

    It classifies gastric ulcers by location/acid status. Type I (most common): lesser curve at incisura, normal/low acid; Type II: gastric body + duodenal, high acid; Type III: prepyloric, high acid; Type IV: high lesser curve near GE junction; Type V: NSAID-related, anywhere.

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