NEET PG Obstetrics & Gynecology Syllabus

Obstetrics & Gynecology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Obstetrics & Gynecology in NEET PG, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Anatomy and Physiology

   2 topics

   • Anatomy of the female reproductive system
     • External genitalia
     • Internal genitalia (uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries)
     • Pelvic floor muscles
   • Physiology of the menstrual cycle
     • Hormonal regulation (FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone)
     • Follicular development
     • Ovulation
     • Endometrial changes
2. 2

   Normal Pregnancy

   3 topics

   • Antenatal care
     • Initial assessment
     • Risk assessment
     • Screening tests (ultrasound, biochemical markers)
     • Prenatal counseling
   • Physiological changes in pregnancy
     • Cardiovascular changes
     • Respiratory changes
     • Gastrointestinal changes
     • Renal changes
     • Endocrine changes
   • Fetal development and monitoring
     • Fetal growth and development
     • Fetal movements
     • Fetal heart rate monitoring (cardiotocography, Doppler ultrasound)
3. 3

   Obstetric Disorders

   4 topics

   • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
     • Gestational hypertension
     • Preeclampsia
     • Eclampsia
     • HELLP syndrome
   • Gestational diabetes mellitus
     • Diagnosis
     • Monitoring
     • Management (dietary modification, insulin therapy)
   • Preterm labor
     • Risk factors
     • Diagnosis
     • Prevention (progesterone supplementation)
     • Management (tocolysis, antenatal corticosteroids)
   • Multiple pregnancy
     • Diagnosis
     • Complications (preterm birth, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome)
     • Management
4. 4

   Labor and Delivery

   4 topics

   • Normal labor
     • Stages of labor (first stage, second stage, third stage)
     • Mechanisms of labor
     • Assessment of progress
   • Intrapartum monitoring
     • Fetal heart rate monitoring (cardiotocography)
     • Assessment of fetal well-being
     • Partogram
   • Management of labor
     • Induction of labor
     • Augmentation of labor
     • Pain relief methods (analgesia, anesthesia)
     • Instrumental delivery (forceps, vacuum extraction)
   • Cesarean section
     • Indications
     • Preoperative preparation
     • Surgical techniques
     • Postoperative care
5. 5

   Postpartum Care

   3 topics

   • Physiological changes in the postpartum period
     • Uterine involution
     • Lochia
     • Breastfeeding
     • Maternal bonding
   • Postpartum complications
     • Postpartum hemorrhage
     • Puerperal sepsis
     • Postpartum blues
     • Postpartum depression
   • Contraception
     • Counseling on contraceptive methods (oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, implants, sterilization)
     • Initiation of contraception in the postpartum period
6. 6

   Gynecological Disorders

   4 topics

   • Menstrual disorders
     • Dysmenorrhea
     • Menorrhagia
     • Oligomenorrhea
     • Amenorrhea
   • Benign gynecological conditions
     • Fibroids (leiomyomas)
     • Ovarian cysts
     • Endometriosis
     • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
   • Gynecological cancers
     • Cervical cancer
     • Endometrial cancer
     • Ovarian cancer
     • Vulvar cancer
   • Reproductive endocrinology
     • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
     • Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)
     • Hyperprolactinemia
7. 7

   Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

   4 topics

   • Evaluation of Infertility
     • History taking
     • Physical examination
     • Investigations (hormonal assays, imaging studies)
     • Male factor evaluation
   • Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
     • Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
     • In vitro fertilization (IVF)
     • Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
     • Gamete donation
   • Endocrine Disorders Causing Infertility
     • Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
     • Thyroid disorders
     • Hyperprolactinemia
   • Ovulation Induction
     • Clomiphene citrate
     • Gonadotropins
     • Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory infertility
8. 8

   Urogynecology and Pelvic Floor Disorders

   3 topics

   • Urinary incontinence
     • Stress urinary incontinence
     • Urge urinary incontinence
     • Mixed urinary incontinence
     • Overflow incontinence
   • Pelvic organ prolapse
     • Anterior compartment prolapse (cystocele)
     • Posterior compartment prolapse (rectocele)
     • Uterine prolapse
   • Pelvic floor dysfunction
     • Pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel exercises)
     • Biofeedback therapy
     • Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse
9. 9

   Sexual and Reproductive Health

   4 topics

   • Sexual health and contraception
     • Sexual history taking
     • Counseling on sexual health
     • Contraceptive counseling
   • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
     • Chlamydia
     • Gonorrhea
     • Syphilis
     • Genital herpes
     • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
     • HIV/AIDS
   • Menopause
     • Symptoms of menopause
     • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
     • Management of menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, vaginal dryness)
   • Sexual dysfunction
     • Female sexual dysfunction (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, dyspareunia, vaginismus)
     • Male sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation)
10. 10

    Gynecological Oncology

    4 topics

    • Cervical cancer
      • Screening (Pap smear, HPV testing)
      • Diagnosis
      • Staging
      • Management
    • Endometrial cancer
      • Clinical features
      • Diagnosis (endometrial biopsy)
      • Staging
      • Management
    • Ovarian cancer
      • Clinical features
      • Diagnosis (CA-125, imaging studies)
      • Staging
      • Management
    • Gestational trophoblastic disease
      • Hydatidiform mole
      • Invasive mole
      • Choriocarcinoma
      • Placental site trophoblastic tumor

Obstetrics & Gynecology flashcards for NEET PG

24 of 59 cards from the Obstetrics & Gynecology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What type of epithelium lines the ectocervix versus the endocervix?

   Ectocervix is lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; the endocervix (endocervical canal) is lined by simple columnar epithelium. The junction between them is the squamocolumnar junction (transformation zone).

2. Name the three layers of the uterus from inside out, and which layer is shed during menstruation.

   Endometrium (innermost; functional layer is shed during menstruation, basal layer regenerates), myometrium (thick muscular middle layer), and perimetrium (outer serosa).

3. What are the four phases of the ovarian/menstrual cycle and the dominant hormone of each?

   Menstrual phase (declining estrogen/progesterone), follicular/proliferative phase (estrogen from developing follicle), ovulation (LH surge), and luteal/secretory phase (progesterone from corpus luteum).

4. What hormonal event triggers ovulation and roughly when does ovulation occur relative to it?

   A surge in LH (the LH surge) triggers ovulation, which occurs approximately 36 hours after the onset of the surge and about 10-12 hours after the LH peak.

5. By Naegele's rule, how is the estimated due date (EDD) calculated from the LMP?

   EDD = first day of LMP + 1 year - 3 months + 7 days (i.e., add 7 days and subtract 3 months). Assumes a regular 28-day cycle.

6. What is the recommended schedule of antenatal visits in a normal pregnancy (traditional model)?

   Monthly visits until 28 weeks, every 2 weeks from 28-36 weeks, then weekly from 36 weeks until delivery. WHO 2016 recommends a minimum of 8 contacts.

7. What are the recommended daily folic acid doses for low-risk and high-risk (prior NTD) pregnancies, and when started?

   Low-risk: 400 micrograms/day. High-risk (previous neural tube defect, diabetes, on antiepileptics): 4-5 mg/day. Started at least 1 month (ideally 3 months) preconception through the first trimester.

8. List the cardiovascular changes in normal pregnancy (cardiac output, plasma volume, BP, SVR).

   Cardiac output increases ~30-50%, plasma volume increases ~40-50%, systemic vascular resistance decreases, and BP falls in mid-pregnancy (lowest in 2nd trimester) then returns to baseline near term.

9. Why does physiological anemia of pregnancy occur?

   Plasma volume increases more (~40-50%) than red cell mass (~20-30%), causing a dilutional fall in hemoglobin/hematocrit. WHO defines pregnancy anemia as Hb < 11 g/dL.

10. What are the respiratory changes in pregnancy (tidal volume, minute ventilation, FRC, ABG)?

    Tidal volume and minute ventilation increase (progesterone-driven), functional residual capacity decreases, producing a compensated respiratory alkalosis (low PaCO2, mildly increased pH).

11. At what gestational ages does the embryo become a fetus, and when does organogenesis primarily occur?

    The embryonic period is weeks 3-8 post-conception (organogenesis, most vulnerable to teratogens); from week 9 onward it is the fetal period (growth and maturation).

12. What does a cardiotocograph (CTG) assess, and what are the components of a reactive/normal trace?

    CTG assesses fetal heart rate and uterine contractions. A normal trace has baseline FHR 110-160 bpm, moderate variability (5-25 bpm), accelerations present, and no late or significant variable decelerations.

13. Differentiate early, late, and variable decelerations on CTG.

    Early decelerations mirror contractions (head compression, benign). Late decelerations begin after the contraction peak and recover after it ends (uteroplacental insufficiency, ominous). Variable decelerations are abrupt and variable in timing (cord compression).

14. Define gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.

    Gestational hypertension: BP ≥140/90 after 20 weeks without proteinuria. Preeclampsia: hypertension after 20 weeks plus proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction. Eclampsia: preeclampsia with new-onset generalized seizures.

15. What are the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia with severe features?

    BP ≥160/110, platelets <100,000, creatinine >1.1 mg/dL (or doubling), elevated liver transaminases (2x normal), pulmonary edema, or new cerebral/visual symptoms.

16. What is the drug of choice for seizure prophylaxis/treatment in eclampsia, and what is its antidote?

    Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice. The antidote for magnesium toxicity is calcium gluconate (IV). Monitor reflexes, respiratory rate, and urine output.

17. What does HELLP syndrome stand for?

    Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets - a severe variant/complication of preeclampsia.

18. How and when is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screened and diagnosed using the OGTT?

    Screened at 24-28 weeks. By IADPSG/WHO criteria a 75g OGTT diagnoses GDM if any value is exceeded: fasting ≥92 mg/dL, 1-hour ≥180 mg/dL, or 2-hour ≥153 mg/dL.

19. What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for GDM not controlled by diet, and what fetal complication is classically associated?

    Insulin is the first-line drug of choice. GDM is classically associated with fetal macrosomia (and resultant shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia).

20. Define preterm labor and the gestational age range it covers.

    Preterm labor is regular uterine contractions with cervical change occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation (and after 20 weeks).

21. What is the role of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm labor, and the window of gestational age?

    Antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone or dexamethasone) accelerate fetal lung maturity (surfactant) to reduce respiratory distress syndrome. Given between 24 and 34 weeks (up to 37 in selected cases) when preterm birth is anticipated within 7 days.

22. What is the purpose of magnesium sulfate when given before preterm birth before 32 weeks?

    Fetal neuroprotection - it reduces the risk of cerebral palsy in the preterm infant.

23. In dichorionic vs monochorionic twins, what does chorionicity determine and what is the 'lambda/twin-peak sign'?

    Chorionicity determines whether twins share a placenta and affects risk (monochorionic twins risk twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome). The lambda (twin-peak) sign indicates dichorionic; the T-sign indicates monochorionic-diamniotic.

24. What are the three stages of labor and what defines each?

    First stage: onset of true labor to full (10 cm) cervical dilatation. Second stage: full dilatation to delivery of the baby. Third stage: delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta.

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