LAT English Syllabus

English syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for English in LAT, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Grammar Fundamentals

   4 topics

   • Parts of Speech
   • Tenses
   • Articles and Determiners
   • Subject-Verb Agreement
2. 2

   Prepositions and Usage

   4 topics

   • Prepositions of Time and Place
   • Prepositional Phrases
   • Phrasal Verbs
   • Common Preposition Errors
3. 3

   Vocabulary

   4 topics

   • Synonyms
   • Antonyms
   • One-Word Substitutions
   • Idioms and Phrases
4. 4

   Sentence Structure and Correction

   5 topics

   • Sentence Types
   • Common Grammatical Errors
   • Punctuation
   • Active and Passive Voice
   • Direct and Indirect Speech
5. 5

   Reading Comprehension

   3 topics

   • Main Idea and Inference
   • Contextual Vocabulary
   • Tone and Purpose
6. 6

   Essay Writing

   4 topics

   • Essay Structure and Outlining
   • Argumentative Essays
   • Social and Current Affairs Topics
   • Coherence and Cohesion
7. 7

   Personal Statement

   4 topics

   • Purpose and Format
   • Motivation for Studying Law
   • Self-Presentation and Strengths
   • Career Goals

English flashcards for LAT

23 of 50 cards from the English deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the eight parts of speech in English?

   Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

2. What is the function of a conjunction, and what are the three main types?

   A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses. The three types are coordinating (and, but, or, so), subordinating (because, although, if, when), and correlative (either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also).

3. What is the difference between a noun and a pronoun?

   A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., 'lawyer'); a pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition (e.g., 'he', 'she', 'it', 'they').

4. What is an interjection? Give two examples.

   An interjection is a word or phrase expressing sudden emotion, standing apart grammatically from the sentence, often followed by an exclamation mark. Examples: 'Wow!', 'Alas!', 'Ouch!'.

5. What are the three main verb tenses, and how many aspects does each have?

   The three tenses are past, present, and future. Each has four aspects: simple, continuous (progressive), perfect, and perfect continuous, giving twelve tense forms in total.

6. What is the structure (formula) of the Present Perfect tense?

   Subject + has/have + past participle (V3). Example: 'She has finished the report.' It links a past action to the present.

7. What is the structure of the Past Continuous tense, and when is it used?

   Subject + was/were + verb-ing. It describes an ongoing action in the past, e.g., 'They were studying when the lights went out.'

8. What is the structure of the Future Perfect tense?

   Subject + will have + past participle (V3). Example: 'By next year, he will have completed his degree.' It shows an action that will be finished before a future point.

9. Which tense is used for habitual actions and general truths, and what is its structure?

   The Simple Present tense. Structure: Subject + base verb (add -s/-es for third-person singular). Example: 'Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.'

10. What are the articles in English, and how are they classified?

    There are three articles: 'a' and 'an' are indefinite articles, and 'the' is the definite article. Indefinite articles refer to a non-specific item; the definite article refers to a specific one.

11. When do you use 'a' versus 'an'?

    Use 'a' before a consonant sound (a book, a university) and 'an' before a vowel sound (an apple, an hour). The rule depends on sound, not spelling.

12. What are determiners, and name four categories of them.

    Determiners are words placed before a noun to clarify its reference. Categories include articles (a, an, the), demonstratives (this, that, these, those), possessives (my, your, their), and quantifiers (some, many, few, much).

13. What is the basic rule of subject-verb agreement?

    A verb must agree with its subject in number and person: a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Example: 'He writes' vs. 'They write.'

14. In subject-verb agreement, what verb form do two singular subjects joined by 'and' take?

    They take a plural verb. Example: 'Tom and Jerry are friends.' (Exception: when the joined nouns refer to a single entity, e.g., 'Bread and butter is my breakfast.')

15. When subjects are joined by 'or', 'nor', 'either...or', or 'neither...nor', which subject does the verb agree with?

    The verb agrees with the subject nearer to it (the proximity rule). Example: 'Neither the manager nor the workers are present,' but 'Neither the workers nor the manager is present.'

16. Do indefinite pronouns like 'each', 'everyone', 'either', 'neither', and 'somebody' take singular or plural verbs?

    They take a singular verb. Example: 'Each of the students has a book'; 'Everyone is welcome.'

17. In a 'there is / there are' sentence, what determines whether to use 'is' or 'are'?

    The verb agrees with the real subject that follows it. Use 'There is a book' (singular) and 'There are books' (plural).

18. What is a preposition?

    A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence, usually indicating time, place, direction, or manner (e.g., in, on, at, by, with).

19. What is the rule for using 'at', 'on', and 'in' as prepositions of time?

    'At' for precise times (at 5 o'clock, at noon); 'on' for days and dates (on Monday, on 14 August); 'in' for longer periods (in May, in 2026, in the morning).

20. What is the rule for using 'at', 'on', and 'in' as prepositions of place?

    'At' for a specific point (at the door, at the bus stop); 'on' for a surface (on the table, on the wall); 'in' for an enclosed space or area (in the room, in Lahore).

21. Which prepositions of time mean 'not later than' versus 'continuing up to' a point?

    'By' means not later than a deadline ('Submit it by Friday'); 'until/till' means continuing up to a point ('Wait until Friday').

22. What is the difference between the prepositions 'between' and 'among'?

    'Between' is used for two people or things, or distinct individual items ('between you and me'); 'among' is used for three or more in a group ('among the crowd').

23. What is a prepositional phrase?

    A prepositional phrase is a group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition), e.g., 'under the table', 'in the morning'. It functions as an adjective or adverb.

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