INC CET / BSc Nursing Entrance Biology - Zoology Syllabus

Biology - Zoology syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Biology - Zoology in INC CET / BSc Nursing Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Animal Diversity and Organisation

   3 topics

   • Animal Kingdom
     • Basis of classification
     • Non-chordates: Porifera to Echinodermata
     • Chordates and vertebrate classes
   • Structural Organisation in Animals
     • Animal tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
     • Organ and organ systems
   • Cell: Structure and Function
     • Cell organelles and their functions
     • Cell membrane and transport
     • Cell cycle and division
2. 2

   Human Physiology

   4 topics

   • Digestion and Absorption
     • Alimentary canal and digestive glands
     • Digestion of nutrients and absorption
   • Breathing and Circulation
     • Respiratory system and gas exchange
     • Heart structure and cardiac cycle
     • Blood, lymph and blood groups
   • Excretion and Locomotion
     • Kidney structure and urine formation
     • Skeletal system and muscles
   • Neural and Chemical Coordination
     • Nervous system and reflex action
     • Endocrine glands and hormones
3. 3

   Human Reproduction and Health

   3 topics

   • Human Reproductive System
     • Male and female reproductive systems
     • Gametogenesis and menstrual cycle
     • Fertilisation, pregnancy and parturition
   • Reproductive Health
     • Contraception and family planning
     • STDs and infertility
   • Human Health and Disease
     • Common infectious diseases
     • Immunity and immune system
     • Drug and alcohol abuse
4. 4

   Biology in Human Welfare and Biotechnology

   3 topics

   • Microbes in Human Welfare
     • Microbes in food production
     • Microbes in medicine and industry
   • Biotechnology Principles and Applications
     • Tools of recombinant DNA technology
     • Applications in health and agriculture
   • Ecology and Environment
     • Ecosystem structure and function
     • Biodiversity and conservation
     • Environmental pollution

Biology - Zoology flashcards for INC CET / BSc Nursing Entrance

22 of 52 cards from the Biology - Zoology deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the five kingdoms in Whittaker's classification system?

   Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

2. What is the basis of classification of animals in the Animal Kingdom?

   Levels of organisation, body symmetry, germ layers (diploblastic/triploblastic), presence of coelom (coelomate/pseudocoelomate/acoelomate), and segmentation.

3. What type of symmetry and germ layers do members of phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata) show?

   Radial symmetry and diploblastic organisation (two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm with mesoglea between them).

4. What distinguishing feature gives phylum Porifera (sponges) its water canal system?

   Ostia (incurrent pores) draw water in and the osculum expels it; the system is lined by collar cells called choanocytes.

5. Which phylum is characterised by a true coelom, metameric segmentation, and a closed circulatory system, e.g. earthworm and leech?

   Phylum Annelida.

6. What four features are unique to chordates?

   Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, paired pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail (present at some stage of life).

7. What distinguishes class Mammalia from other vertebrate classes?

   Presence of mammary glands (milk), hair/fur, external ears (pinnae), a diaphragm, and being warm-blooded (homeothermic) with most being viviparous.

8. Name the four primary types of animal tissue.

   Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

9. What are the three types of muscle tissue and where is each found?

   Skeletal (striated, voluntary; attached to bones), smooth (unstriated, involuntary; in walls of internal organs), and cardiac (striated, involuntary; in the heart).

10. What type of epithelium lines the alveoli of the lungs and facilitates rapid diffusion?

    Simple squamous epithelium (thin, flat cells).

11. Which connective tissue cell secretes the antibodies' precursor heparin and histamine during inflammation?

    Mast cells (heparin acts as an anticoagulant; histamine is a vasodilator).

12. State the cell theory.

    All living organisms are composed of cells and cell products; the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life; and all cells arise from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula-e cellula).

13. What is the key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

    Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

14. Why are mitochondria called the powerhouse of the cell?

    They produce most of the cell's ATP through aerobic respiration (oxidative phosphorylation); their inner membrane folds (cristae) increase surface area.

15. What is the function of ribosomes and what is their composition?

    Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis; they are made of rRNA and proteins, with eukaryotic ribosomes being 80S and prokaryotic 70S.

16. What is the role of lysosomes?

    They are membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes that break down waste, worn-out organelles, and foreign material; called 'suicide bags' of the cell.

17. Which two organelles contain their own DNA?

    Mitochondria and chloroplasts (semi-autonomous organelles).

18. What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus?

    Modification, packaging, and secretion of proteins and lipids; formation of lysosomes and secretory vesicles.

19. What is the main enzyme in saliva and what does it digest?

    Salivary amylase (ptyalin), which breaks down starch into maltose.

20. What is the role of HCl in the stomach?

    It creates an acidic medium (pH ~1.8) that activates pepsinogen into pepsin, kills bacteria, and denatures proteins.

21. What activates trypsinogen to trypsin in the small intestine?

    The enzyme enterokinase (enteropeptidase), secreted by the intestinal mucosa.

22. What is the function of bile in digestion?

    Bile (from the liver, stored in the gall bladder) emulsifies fats into small droplets and provides an alkaline medium; it contains no digestive enzymes.

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