CLAT UG Logical Reasoning Syllabus

Logical Reasoning syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Logical Reasoning in CLAT UG, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Analytical Reasoning

   3 topics

   • Patterns and Series
   • Syllogisms
   • Logical Sequences
2. 2

   Critical Reasoning

   3 topics

   • Assumptions and Conclusions
   • Arguments
   • Inference
3. 3

   Puzzles

   3 topics

   • Seating Arrangements
   • Blood Relations
   • Direction Sense

Logical Reasoning flashcards for CLAT UG

19 of 50 cards from the Logical Reasoning deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. In number series, what is an arithmetic progression (AP) and how is its nth term found?

   An AP has a constant common difference between consecutive terms. Its nth term = a + (n-1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference.

2. In number series, what is a geometric progression (GP) and what is its nth term?

   A GP has a constant common ratio between consecutive terms. Its nth term = a × r^(n-1), where a is the first term and r is the common ratio.

3. What is a 'square series' pattern and what comes next: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ...?

   A square series lists perfect squares (1², 2², 3², ...). The next term is 36 (6²).

4. What is a 'cube series' pattern and what comes next: 1, 8, 27, 64, ...?

   A cube series lists perfect cubes (1³, 2³, 3³, ...). The next term is 125 (5³).

5. In a Fibonacci-type series, how is each term generated? Give the next term: 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...

   Each term is the sum of the two preceding terms. Next term = 8 + 13 = 21.

6. What is an 'alternating series' in patterns and series?

   A series formed by interleaving two independent patterns (e.g., one increasing and one decreasing) in alternate positions, which must be analysed separately for odd and even positions.

7. In a letter series, how do you find the next letter using position numbers? Continue: A, C, E, G, ...

   Convert letters to positions (A=1...Z=26) and apply the numeric rule. Here positions go 1,3,5,7 (skip one), so next is position 9 = I.

8. What is the missing number rule when terms increase by successive prime numbers? Continue: 2, 4, 7, 12, ...

   Differences are +2, +3, +5 (primes), so next difference is +7, giving 19.

9. Define a syllogism in logical reasoning.

   A syllogism is a form of deductive argument with two premises (statements) and a conclusion, where the conclusion must logically follow from the premises.

10. What are the four standard categorical (A, E, I, O) propositions in syllogisms?

    A = Universal Affirmative (All S are P); E = Universal Negative (No S is P); I = Particular Affirmative (Some S are P); O = Particular Negative (Some S are not P).

11. In syllogisms, what does it mean for a term to be 'distributed'?

    A term is distributed when the proposition refers to all members of that term's category. Subject is distributed in A and E; predicate is distributed in E and O.

12. State the rule about negative premises in syllogisms.

    If both premises are negative, no valid conclusion follows. If one premise is negative, the conclusion (if any) must be negative.

13. What is the rule of the 'middle term' in a valid syllogism?

    The middle term must be distributed at least once across the two premises; otherwise the syllogism commits the fallacy of the undistributed middle and is invalid.

14. In syllogism reasoning, how do you handle the words 'All' and 'Some' when drawing converse conclusions?

    'Some A are B' converts validly to 'Some B are A.' 'All A are B' converts only to 'Some B are A' (not 'All B are A'). 'No A is B' converts to 'No B is A.'

15. What is a 'possibility' (definitely follows vs. may follow) conclusion in syllogisms?

    A conclusion 'definitely follows' if true in every valid arrangement of premises; a possibility conclusion holds only if there exists at least one valid arrangement making it true.

16. Define a logical sequence (arrangement) question.

    A logical sequence requires arranging given items (words, events, or steps) in a meaningful order such as chronological, size-based, alphabetical, or process flow.

17. How do you order words by a logical sequence such as life stages: Infant, Adult, Child, Old, Adolescent?

    Order by natural age progression: Infant, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Old.

18. What is the typical logical order for a 'process' sequence question (e.g., making bread)?

    Arrange steps by cause-and-effect/time order, from the first required action to the final outcome (e.g., Flour → Knead → Bake → Bread).

19. How do you logically order words by increasing size/scope: District, State, Country, Village, City?

    From smallest to largest unit: Village, City, District, State, Country.

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