AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Allied Specialties Syllabus

Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Allied Specialties syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Allied Specialties in AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Pediatrics and Pediatric Super-Specialties

   4 topics

   • Neonatology
     • Neonatal resuscitation and prematurity
     • Respiratory distress and jaundice
   • Pediatric Cardiology and Nephrology
     • Congenital heart disease
     • Nephrotic syndrome and AKI in children
   • Growth, Development and Nutrition
     • Developmental milestones
     • Malnutrition and micronutrient disorders
   • Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunization
     • National immunization schedule
     • Common childhood infections
2. 2

   Obstetrics and Gynecology

   4 topics

   • High-Risk Obstetrics
     • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
     • Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage
   • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
     • Fetal monitoring and growth restriction
     • Prenatal diagnosis and screening
   • Gynecologic Oncology
     • Cervical and endometrial cancer
     • Ovarian cancer management
   • Reproductive Endocrinology
     • Infertility and ART
     • PCOS and menstrual disorders
3. 3

   Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology

   3 topics

   • Ophthalmology
     • Cataract and glaucoma
     • Retinal and corneal diseases
   • Otology and Rhinology
     • Hearing loss and otitis media
     • Sinonasal disorders
   • Head and Neck ENT
     • Laryngeal and pharyngeal pathology
     • Head and neck malignancies
4. 4

   Dermatology and Psychiatry

   3 topics

   • Dermatology
     • Papulosquamous and vesiculobullous disorders
     • Cutaneous infections and infestations
   • Psychiatry
     • Mood and psychotic disorders
     • Anxiety and substance use disorders
   • Orthopedics and Physical Medicine
     • Fractures and joint disorders
     • Rehabilitation and prosthetics

Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Allied Specialties flashcards for AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance

22 of 51 cards from the Pediatrics, Obstetrics-Gynecology and Allied Specialties deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What APGAR score range at 5 minutes indicates a severely depressed neonate requiring resuscitation?

   A 5-minute APGAR score of 0-3 indicates severe depression. The five parameters (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) each score 0-2; 7-10 is normal, 4-6 moderately depressed.

2. In neonatal resuscitation, what is the chest compression to ventilation ratio and the compression rate?

   3:1 ratio (3 compressions to 1 ventilation), giving approximately 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute (120 events/min total).

3. What is the most common cause of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS / hyaline membrane disease)?

   Surfactant deficiency due to immature type II pneumocytes, most common in preterm infants. Surfactant (lecithin) production is inadequate; L:S ratio <2 indicates lung immaturity.

4. Differentiate physiological from pathological neonatal jaundice by timing.

   Physiological jaundice appears after 24 hours, peaks day 3-5, resolves by 2 weeks. Pathological jaundice appears within first 24 hours, rises >5 mg/dL/day, or persists >2 weeks (term) / 3 weeks (preterm).

5. What bilirubin level/condition causes kernicterus and which brain region is classically affected?

   Unconjugated bilirubin crossing the blood-brain barrier (usually >20-25 mg/dL in term infants) deposits in the basal ganglia (globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus), causing kernicterus (bilirubin encephalopathy).

6. What is the classic triad of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its hallmark radiographic sign?

   Triad: feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, bloody stools. Hallmark X-ray sign is pneumatosis intestinalis (intramural gas); portal venous gas indicates severe disease.

7. Which congenital heart defect is the most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the neonatal period vs. after infancy?

   Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the most common cyanotic CHD presenting at birth; Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic CHD overall (presenting after the neonatal period).

8. Name the four components of Tetralogy of Fallot.

   1) Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 2) Overriding aorta, 3) Pulmonary stenosis (RV outflow obstruction), 4) Right ventricular hypertrophy. Severity of cyanosis depends on degree of pulmonary stenosis.

9. What is the 'boot-shaped heart' and 'egg-on-a-string' appearance associated with?

   Boot-shaped heart (coeur en sabot) = Tetralogy of Fallot. Egg-on-a-string (narrow mediastinum) = Transposition of the great arteries.

10. How are 'tet spells' (hypercyanotic spells) in Tetralogy of Fallot managed acutely?

    Knee-chest position (increases systemic vascular resistance), 100% oxygen, morphine, IV fluids, and phenylephrine; beta-blockers (propranolol) to relax RV outflow tract spasm.

11. What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and its typical response to treatment?

    Minimal change disease (MCD), accounting for ~90% in young children. It is highly steroid-responsive; light microscopy is normal, electron microscopy shows podocyte foot process effacement.

12. Differentiate nephritic from nephrotic syndrome by the key urinary/clinical features.

    Nephritic: hematuria, RBC casts, hypertension, mild-moderate proteinuria, oliguria. Nephrotic: massive proteinuria (>3.5 g/1.73m²/day or >40 mg/m²/hr in children), hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia.

13. What organism and latent period characterize post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)?

    Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus; latent period of 1-3 weeks after pharyngitis or 3-6 weeks after skin infection (impetigo). Shows low C3, elevated ASO/anti-DNase B.

14. What is the classic triad of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and its usual trigger?

    Triad: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Typically triggered by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7 (after bloody diarrhea).

15. State the formula for estimating expected weight (kg) of a child aged 1-6 years.

    Expected weight (kg) = (age in years × 2) + 8. (For 7-12 years: weight = [age × 7 - 5] / 2.)

16. At what ages does a child typically double, triple, and quadruple their birth weight?

    Birth weight doubles by 5 months, triples by 1 year, and quadruples by 2 years.

17. List the expected gross motor milestones at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

    3 months: head holding. 6 months: sits with support / rolls over. 9 months: sits without support, crawls, stands holding. 12 months: stands alone, walks with one hand held.

18. What are the WHO criteria for diagnosing severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children 6-59 months?

    Any of: weight-for-height/length < -3 SD; MUAC (mid-upper arm circumference) < 11.5 cm; or bilateral pitting (nutritional) edema.

19. Differentiate marasmus from kwashiorkor.

    Marasmus: severe energy (calorie) deficiency, marked wasting, no edema, 'old man' face, weight <60% expected. Kwashiorkor: protein deficiency, edema, hepatomegaly (fatty liver), skin/hair changes (flag sign), weight 60-80% with edema.

20. What deficiency causes Bitot's spots and night blindness, and what is the WHO supplementation schedule?

    Vitamin A deficiency. WHO gives vitamin A prophylaxis: 1 lakh (100,000) IU at 9 months with measles, then 2 lakh (200,000) IU every 6 months up to 5 years.

21. Per the WHO/India National Immunization Schedule, which vaccines are given at birth?

    BCG, OPV-0 (zero dose), and Hepatitis B (birth dose) are given at birth.

22. At what ages is the DPT/pentavalent primary series and its boosters given in the Indian schedule?

    Primary series (Pentavalent: DPT+HepB+Hib) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks. Boosters: DPT 1st booster at 16-24 months, DPT 2nd booster at 5-6 years.

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