AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance Basic and Applied Sciences Syllabus

Basic and Applied Sciences syllabus — full chapter and topic list

Expand any chapter to see its topics and sub-topics. This is the whole examinable outline for Basic and Applied Sciences in AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance, not a summary of it.

1. 1

   Human Anatomy

   4 topics

   • Gross and Surgical Anatomy
     • Thorax, abdomen and pelvis regional anatomy
     • Neurovascular relations relevant to surgery
   • Neuroanatomy
     • Brain, brainstem and cranial nerves
     • Spinal cord tracts and pathways
   • Embryology and Developmental Anatomy
     • Cardiovascular and GI development
     • Common congenital anomalies
   • Histology and Microanatomy
     • Epithelial and connective tissues
     • Organ-specific microstructure
2. 2

   Physiology

   4 topics

   • Cardiovascular Physiology
     • Cardiac cycle and hemodynamics
     • Regulation of blood pressure
   • Respiratory Physiology
     • Gas exchange and oxygen transport
     • Ventilation-perfusion relationships
   • Renal and Acid-Base Physiology
     • Glomerular filtration and tubular function
     • Acid-base regulation
   • Neurophysiology and Endocrine Physiology
     • Synaptic transmission and reflexes
     • Hormonal feedback axes
3. 3

   Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

   3 topics

   • Metabolism
     • Carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism
     • Inborn errors of metabolism
   • Molecular Genetics
     • DNA replication, transcription and translation
     • Mutations and gene regulation
   • Enzymes and Clinical Biochemistry
     • Enzyme kinetics and regulation
     • Diagnostic biomarkers and laboratory tests
4. 4

   Pharmacology

   4 topics

   • Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
     • Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
     • Dose-response and receptor theory
   • Autonomic and Cardiovascular Drugs
     • Adrenergic and cholinergic agents
     • Antihypertensives and antiarrhythmics
   • Chemotherapy and Antimicrobials
     • Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agents
     • Anticancer drugs and resistance
   • Adverse Drug Reactions and Pharmacovigilance
     • Drug interactions and toxicity
     • Therapeutic drug monitoring

Basic and Applied Sciences flashcards for AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance

19 of 52 cards from the Basic and Applied Sciences deck — real questions with worked answers.

1. What are the three branches of the celiac trunk?

   Left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

2. Through which structure do the spinal nerve roots and dura form the boundary of the cervical sympathetic chain's relation? More specifically, what nerve is at risk during a thyroidectomy near the ligament of Berry?

   The recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus), which runs in the tracheoesophageal groove close to the ligament of Berry.

3. What are the boundaries of the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle?

   Medially the lateral border of rectus abdominis, laterally the inferior epigastric vessels, and inferiorly the inguinal ligament. Direct hernias protrude through it.

4. Which structures pass through the foramen ovale of the skull?

   Mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve, and emissary veins (mnemonic: MALE).

5. In the brainstem, where do the corticospinal tract fibers decussate?

   At the pyramidal decussation in the lower (caudal) medulla; about 85-90% of fibers cross to form the lateral corticospinal tract.

6. What is the blood supply to Broca's and Wernicke's areas, and what artery occlusion causes global aphasia?

   Both are supplied by the middle cerebral artery (MCA); occlusion of the dominant MCA stem causes global aphasia.

7. Which thalamic nucleus relays visual information and which relays auditory information?

   Lateral geniculate nucleus relays vision (to occipital cortex); medial geniculate nucleus relays hearing (to temporal cortex).

8. What is the lesion in Brown-Séquard syndrome and its classic findings?

   Hemisection of the spinal cord: ipsilateral loss of motor, proprioception/vibration (dorsal column) below the lesion; contralateral loss of pain and temperature (spinothalamic) one to two segments below.

9. From which pharyngeal (branchial) arch do the muscles of mastication develop, and which nerve supplies them?

   First pharyngeal arch; innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3).

10. What is the embryological origin of the thyroid gland and the path of the thyroglossal duct?

    Thyroid arises from the foramen cecum at the base of the tongue and descends along the thyroglossal duct anterior to the hyoid bone; persistence causes a thyroglossal cyst.

11. Which aortic arch derivatives form the adult arteries? (3rd, 4th, 6th)

    3rd arch: common carotid and proximal internal carotid; 4th arch: left = arch of aorta, right = proximal right subclavian; 6th arch: pulmonary arteries and (left) ductus arteriosus.

12. What is the developmental defect in a tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia (most common type)?

    Proximal esophageal atresia with the distal esophagus connected to the trachea (Type C / Gross type C); presents with polyhydramnios, choking, and inability to pass an NG tube.

13. What type of epithelium lines the trachea and bronchi?

    Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium).

14. What are the histological differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle?

    Cardiac: branched cells, single central nucleus, intercalated discs, involuntary. Skeletal: cylindrical unbranched cells, multinucleated peripheral nuclei, no intercalated discs, voluntary.

15. State the formula for cardiac output and a typical resting value.

    Cardiac output = Stroke volume × Heart rate; typically ~70 mL × 70/min ≈ 5 L/min.

16. Define ejection fraction and give its normal range.

    Ejection fraction = Stroke volume / End-diastolic volume × 100; normal is ~55-70%.

17. What does the Frank-Starling law state?

    Within physiological limits, the force of cardiac contraction (stroke volume) increases as the end-diastolic volume (preload/myocyte stretch) increases.

18. What ion movements produce phase 0 and phase 2 of the ventricular cardiac action potential?

    Phase 0: rapid Na+ influx (depolarization); Phase 2 (plateau): Ca2+ influx through L-type channels balanced by K+ efflux.

19. Write the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP).

    MAP = Diastolic BP + 1/3 (Systolic - Diastolic) = DBP + 1/3 pulse pressure; or MAP = Cardiac output × Systemic vascular resistance.

See more Basic and Applied Sciences flashcards →

Planning Basic and Applied Sciences for AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance

Basic and Applied Sciences (AIIMS PG (DM/MCh) Entrance) FAQ