Welsh Baccalaureate (Welsh Bacc) The Individual Project Flashcards

24 sample cards from the The Individual Project deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. How can a risk level be expressed as a combination of two factors?

   Risk is judged from likelihood and severity, often combined as $\text{Risk} = \text{Likelihood} \times \text{Severity}$.

2. Name three ethical considerations a student must address when doing primary research.

   Informed consent of participants, confidentiality/anonymity of data, and avoiding harm (plus the right to withdraw).

3. What is informed consent?

   Ensuring participants understand the purpose and nature of the research and voluntarily agree to take part before any data is collected.

4. What is plagiarism and how is it avoided?

   Presenting others' work or ideas as your own; it is avoided by correctly citing and referencing all sources and using your own words.

5. Why must sources be referenced in the Individual Project?

   To credit original authors, avoid plagiarism, allow others to verify sources, and demonstrate the credibility and depth of research.

6. What is a bibliography?

   A complete list of all the sources consulted during the project, presented in a consistent referencing format.

7. How can researchers reduce bias when collecting primary data?

   Use neutral question wording, representative sampling, anonymity, standardised procedures, and avoid leading questions.

8. What is a representative sample?

   A sample whose characteristics accurately reflect those of the wider population, so results can be generalised more confidently.

9. Name three ways of organising and presenting research findings.

   Tables, charts/graphs (bar, pie, line), and written summaries or diagrams that make patterns clear.

10. When is a pie chart more suitable than a line graph?

    A pie chart shows proportions of a whole at one point in time; a line graph shows trends or changes in a variable over time.

11. What is the difference between data analysis and data presentation?

    Presentation displays the data clearly (charts/tables); analysis interprets it to identify patterns, relationships and meaning relevant to the research question.

12. Name three common measures of central tendency used to analyse quantitative data.

    The mean, the median and the mode.

13. How is the arithmetic mean of a data set calculated?

    Add all the values and divide by the number of values: $\bar{x} = \frac{\sum x}{n}$.

14. What is the median and how is it found?

    The middle value of a data set when the values are arranged in order; for $n$ values it is the value at position $\frac{n+1}{2}$.

15. What is the mode of a data set?

    The value that occurs most frequently in the data set.

16. What does the range measure and how is it calculated?

    The spread of the data, calculated as $\text{Range} = x_{\max} - x_{\min}$ (largest value minus smallest value).

17. How is a value expressed as a percentage of a total?

    Divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100: $\text{percentage} = \frac{\text{part}}{\text{total}} \times 100\%$.

18. What technique is used to analyse qualitative data such as interview transcripts?

    Thematic analysis: identifying, coding and grouping recurring themes, patterns and ideas in the text.

19. What is an evidence-based conclusion?

    A conclusion that is directly supported by and drawn from the analysed research data, rather than from personal opinion or assumption.

20. What should a conclusion in the Individual Project do?

    Answer the research question or address the hypothesis, summarise the key findings, and justify the judgement using the evidence gathered.

21. List the main sections of a well-structured final project report in order.

    Title page, introduction/aims, methodology, findings/results, analysis and discussion, conclusion, evaluation/reflection, and references/bibliography.

22. What is the purpose of evaluating the project against its aims?

    To judge how successfully the original aims and objectives were met, assessing the extent to which the research question/hypothesis was answered.

23. Name three transferable skills typically developed and reflected on during the Individual Project.

    Research and analysis, time/project management, and communication/presentation (also critical thinking and independent learning).

24. Why must a student identify limitations and possible improvements in their project?

    To show critical awareness of weaknesses (e.g. small sample, time constraints, bias) and demonstrate how the research could be made more reliable or valid if repeated.

What this deck covers

The Individual Project flashcards FAQ