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UGC NET People, Development and Environment Flashcards
50 question-and-answer cards covering People, Development and Environment as it is examined in UGC NET. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the People, Development and Environment deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What are the '3 Rs' of waste management?
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. (Sometimes extended to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover.)
What is e-waste?
Electronic waste — discarded electrical and electronic devices (computers, mobiles, TVs, appliances) containing hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, and recoverable metals.
Name three hazardous substances commonly found in e-waste.
Lead, mercury, cadmium (also chromium, brominated flame retardants, and arsenic).
What is composting?
A biological process of decomposing organic (biodegradable) waste by microorganisms into nutrient-rich humus/manure used as a soil conditioner.
What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste?
Biodegradable waste can be broken down by microorganisms (food, paper, plant matter); non-biodegradable waste cannot and persists (plastics, glass, metals, e-waste).
What is incineration as a waste disposal method?
Controlled burning of solid waste at high temperatures to reduce volume and generate energy; it can release toxic gases and dioxins if not managed properly.
What is sanitary landfill?
An engineered method of disposing solid waste on land by spreading, compacting, and covering with soil, with liners and systems to control leachate and landfill gas.
Which pollutant causes 'blue baby syndrome' (methemoglobinemia)?
Nitrates in drinking water, which reduce the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity in infants.
What disease is associated with chronic exposure to lead?
Lead poisoning (plumbism) — causing neurological damage, anaemia, kidney damage, and developmental problems in children.
Which disease is caused by mercury poisoning, famously from industrial water contamination?
Minamata disease — neurological disorder from methylmercury poisoning (first identified in Minamata, Japan).
Which disease results from cadmium pollution?
Itai-Itai disease — causing softening of bones and kidney failure (first reported in Japan).
Which air pollutant binds to haemoglobin and reduces oxygen transport in blood?
Carbon monoxide (CO) — it forms carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity.
What health effects are linked to fine particulate matter (PM2.5)?
Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, asthma, bronchitis, reduced lung function, and increased risk of lung cancer and premature death.
What is a carbon footprint?
The total amount of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product, usually expressed in tonnes of CO2-equivalent.
How can an individual reduce their carbon footprint?
Use public transport/cycling, conserve energy, use renewable energy, reduce-reuse-recycle, eat less meat, avoid air travel, and minimize consumption of resource-intensive goods.
What is the Air Quality Index (AQI) and its categories in India?
A numerical scale (0-500) indicating air quality: Good (0-50), Satisfactory (51-100), Moderate (101-200), Poor (201-300), Very Poor (301-400), and Severe (401-500).
What body sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards in India?
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
What is the difference between natural and anthropogenic (man-made) hazards?
Natural hazards arise from natural processes (earthquakes, floods, cyclones, volcanoes); anthropogenic hazards result from human activity (industrial accidents, oil spills, nuclear accidents, deforestation).
Give examples of anthropogenic (human-induced) hazards.
Industrial accidents (Bhopal gas tragedy), nuclear disasters (Chernobyl, Fukushima), oil spills, chemical leaks, fires, and pollution-related disasters.
What is the difference between a hazard and a disaster?
A hazard is a potential threat or dangerous event; a disaster is the actual occurrence causing serious disruption, loss of life, and damage exceeding a community's coping capacity.
What are mitigation strategies in disaster management?
Measures taken to reduce or eliminate the impact of hazards before they occur — e.g., land-use planning, early warning systems, hazard-resistant construction, afforestation, and public awareness.
What are the main phases of the disaster management cycle?
Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery (sometimes also prevention and rehabilitation).
What does disaster preparedness involve?
Planning and readiness activities before a disaster — early warning systems, evacuation plans, training, mock drills, stockpiling supplies, and public education to enable effective response.
Which is the apex body for disaster management in India and under which Act?
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, established under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
What this deck covers
The People, Development and Environment deck follows the UGC NET People, Development and Environment syllabus — 5 chapters and 20 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 10.0 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 141 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
People, Development and Environment flashcards FAQ
How many People, Development and Environment flashcards are in this UGC NET deck?
50 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these UGC NET flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 50-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the People, Development and Environment cards cover?
They follow the UGC NET People, Development and Environment syllabus — 5 chapters and 20 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.