Examius
🇮🇳 UGC NET Environmental Science · flashcards
UGC NET Environmental Science General Paper 1 Flashcards
49 question-and-answer cards covering General Paper 1 as it is examined in UGC NET Environmental Science. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the General Paper 1 deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
In Indian logic (Nyaya), what are the Pramanas (means of valid knowledge) recognized by the Nyaya school?
Four Pramanas: Pratyaksha (perception), Anumana (inference), Upamana (comparison/analogy), and Shabda (verbal/reliable testimony).
What are the three kinds of Anumana (inference) in Indian logic?
Purvavat (inferring effect from cause), Sheshavat (inferring cause from effect), and Samanyatodrishta (inference based on general/uniform correlation).
What are the five members (avayavas) of a complete Indian (Nyaya) syllogism?
Pratijna (proposition), Hetu (reason), Udaharana (example), Upanaya (application), and Nigamana (conclusion).
What are the main sources of data, and how is data classified by source?
Sources are primary (collected first-hand via surveys, experiments, observation) and secondary (already collected by others - reports, records, publications). Data is classified by source as primary or secondary.
Name common methods of graphical representation of data.
Bar diagram, histogram, frequency polygon, pie chart, line graph, ogive (cumulative frequency curve), pictogram, and scatter diagram.
What is meant by 'data and governance' / data-driven governance?
The use of data and digital records (e.g., census, big data, dashboards) by government to plan policies, monitor schemes, ensure transparency, accountability and evidence-based decision-making.
What is the difference between the Internet and an Intranet?
The Internet is a global, public network connecting computers worldwide; an Intranet is a private network restricted to an organization for internal sharing of information, secured from outside access.
What is the difference between audio-conferencing and video-conferencing?
Audio-conferencing allows two or more parties at different locations to communicate using only voice; video-conferencing allows real-time communication with both audio and live video/visuals.
Name major digital initiatives in Indian higher education.
SWAYAM, SWAYAM Prabha, National Digital Library (NDL), e-PG Pathshala, Shodhganga, INFLIBNET, NPTEL, Virtual Labs, and the National Academic Depository (NAD).
What is the difference between the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
MDGs were 8 goals (2000-2015) focused mainly on developing countries; SDGs are 17 goals (2015-2030) that are universal, broader, and integrate economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability.
How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there and what is their timeframe?
17 SDGs with 169 targets, adopted in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, under the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
What are anthropogenic activities and give examples of their impact on the environment.
Anthropogenic activities are human-caused actions affecting the environment - deforestation, industrialization, fossil-fuel burning, urbanization and mining - causing pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss and resource depletion.
Name the major types of environmental pollution.
Air pollution, water pollution, soil/land pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution and radioactive pollution.
Give two examples of pollutants and their specific impacts on human health.
Lead causes neurological damage and reduced IQ in children; particulate matter (PM2.5) causes respiratory and cardiovascular disease. (Others: arsenic - cancer/skin lesions; fluoride - fluorosis.)
Classify natural energy resources into renewable and non-renewable categories.
Renewable: solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, and forests. Non-renewable: nuclear (uranium) and fossil fuels. Solar, wind, hydro and geothermal are clean renewables; nuclear uses a finite fuel.
What is the difference between a natural hazard and a disaster, and name key mitigation strategies.
A hazard is a potentially damaging natural event; a disaster occurs when a hazard causes serious damage/loss to a vulnerable community. Mitigation: early-warning systems, hazard mapping, building codes, afforestation, awareness and preparedness planning.
What is the Environmental Protection Act of India, and in which year was it enacted?
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 - an umbrella law enacted after the Bhopal gas tragedy, empowering the central government to protect and improve environmental quality and control pollution.
What is the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and how many missions does it have?
India's NAPCC (launched 2008) outlines climate strategy through 8 national missions, including the National Solar Mission, Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, and missions on water, sustainable agriculture, Himalayan ecosystem, green India, sustainable habitat and strategic knowledge.
What is the Montreal Protocol and what does it aim to protect?
The Montreal Protocol (1987) is an international treaty to phase out ozone-depleting substances (CFCs, halons) to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
What was the Rio Summit (1992) and what key outcomes did it produce?
The Rio Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development, 1992) produced Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration, the UNFCCC and the Convention on Biological Diversity, promoting sustainable development.
What is the Kyoto Protocol and how does it differ from the Paris Agreement?
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set legally binding emission-reduction targets only for developed countries; the Paris Agreement (2015) is universal, with all countries setting voluntary Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to limit warming well below 2°C (aiming for 1.5°C).
What is the International Solar Alliance (ISA) and who initiated it?
The International Solar Alliance is a coalition of solar-rich (mainly tropical) countries launched by India and France in 2015 (at COP21, Paris) to promote solar energy deployment; it is headquartered in Gurugram, India.
Name important institutions of higher learning in ancient India.
Takshashila (Taxila), Nalanda, Vikramshila, Valabhi, Odantapuri and Pushpagiri - centres of higher learning and research in ancient India.
What is the difference between conventional and non-conventional (distance/open) learning programmes in India?
Conventional learning is classroom-based, face-to-face, full-time education in regular institutions; non-conventional learning is flexible distance/open education (e.g., IGNOU, correspondence, online/MOOCs) accessible regardless of time and place.
What this deck covers
The General Paper 1 deck follows the UGC NET Environmental Science General Paper 1 syllabus — 10 chapters and 52 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 4.9 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 188 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
General Paper 1 flashcards FAQ
How many General Paper 1 flashcards are in this UGC NET Environmental Science deck?
49 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these UGC NET Environmental Science flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 49-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the General Paper 1 cards cover?
They follow the UGC NET Environmental Science General Paper 1 syllabus — 10 chapters and 52 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.