ROTC Scholarship / Selection (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) Military Science and Leadership Development Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Military Science and Leadership Development deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. What does the mission statement format consist of (the five Ws)?

   Who, What (task), When, Where, and Why (purpose). A complete mission statement answers all five and is stated in paragraph 2 of the OPORD.

2. What is METT-TC, the mission variables used in tactical analysis?

   Mission, Enemy, Terrain and weather, Troops and support available, Time available, and Civil considerations. (Updated to METT-TC(I), adding Informational considerations.)

3. What does the OAKOC acronym for analyzing military aspects of terrain stand for?

   Observation and fields of fire, Avenues of approach, Key (and decisive) terrain, Obstacles, and Cover and concealment.

4. What are the operational variables (PMESII-PT) used to analyze an operational environment?

   Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical environment, and Time.

5. What is the difference between commander's intent and concept of the operation?

   Commander's intent is a clear, concise statement of the operation's purpose, key tasks, and desired end state that guides subordinates' initiative. The concept of operation is the more detailed description of how the force will accomplish the mission, found in the Execution paragraph.

6. What is an ethical decision-making framework leaders use under pressure?

   A common model: 1) Define/recognize the ethical problem, 2) Know the relevant rules, values, and regulations, 3) Develop and evaluate courses of action against legal, moral, and ethical standards, 4) Choose the best COA, and 5) Implement and accept responsibility. The Army frames this through Rules-based, Outcomes-based, and Virtues-based reasoning.

7. What three approaches to ethical reasoning does the Army teach for resolving ethical dilemmas?

   Rules-based (deontological — follow duties, laws, regulations), Outcomes-based (consequentialist/utilitarian — choose the greatest good), and Virtues-based (character — act as a person of good character and Army Values would).

8. What are the seven Army Values (LDRSHIP)?

   Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage.

9. What is moral courage, and how does it differ from physical courage in ethical decision-making?

   Physical courage is overcoming fear of bodily harm to do one's duty. Moral courage is the willingness to stand firm on values, principles, and convictions—doing what is right despite social, professional, or personal consequences, such as reporting wrongdoing.

10. What are the five steps of the Army's Risk Management (RM) process (ATP 5-19)?

    1) Identify hazards, 2) Assess hazards to determine risk, 3) Develop controls and make risk decisions, 4) Implement controls, and 5) Supervise and evaluate.

11. How is risk level determined in Composite Risk Management, and what are the risk level categories?

    Risk level is determined by combining the probability (likelihood) and severity of a hazard, typically via a risk assessment matrix. The resulting levels are: Low (L), Moderate (M), High (H), and Extremely High (EH).

12. In the Army risk assessment matrix, what are the probability and severity categories?

    Probability: Frequent, Likely, Occasional, Seldom, Unlikely. Severity: Catastrophic, Critical, Marginal, Negligible. These two are crossed on the matrix to yield the risk level (Low/Moderate/High/Extremely High).

13. What is the principle governing who approves residual risk in risk management?

    Risk decisions are made at the appropriate level of command — the commander or leader who has the authority to accept the level of residual risk and commit the resources to control it. Higher residual risk requires approval at higher command levels.

14. What is the Cadet Command Cadet Evaluation Report (CER) and what does it assess?

    The CER is the formal evaluation cadets receive in leadership positions (during labs, FTXs, and camp). It assesses leadership attributes and competencies (the Leadership Requirements Model) and produces a rating that feeds into the cadet's overall standing and OML.

15. What major components make up a cadet's accessions/OML score?

    Academics (GPA/college performance), Leadership performance (Cadet Evaluation Reports, especially Advanced Camp/CLC rating), Physical fitness (ACFT score), and other factors such as extracurricular activities, athletics, and military training (e.g., Airborne/Air Assault). These combine into a whole-person score.

16. What is the National Order of Merit List (OML)?

    The National OML is the rank-ordering of all commissioning Army ROTC cadets nationwide based on their whole-person score (academics, leadership/camp performance, fitness, and extracurriculars). It determines branch and component selection priority.

17. How does a cadet's position on the National OML affect branching and component selection?

    Cadets higher on the OML have greater priority in receiving their preferred branch and component (Active Duty vs. Reserve/National Guard). The Army matches cadet preferences against needs largely in OML order, so a higher standing increases the chance of a top-choice branch and Active Duty.

18. What does 'accessions' mean in the ROTC commissioning context?

    Accessions is the process of bringing newly commissioned officers into the Army — assigning each cadet a component (Active, Reserve, or National Guard) and a basic branch, based on Army requirements, cadet preferences, and OML standing.

19. What is 'branching' and roughly how many basic branches can an Army officer be accessed into?

    Branching is the assignment of a newly commissioned officer to a specific career field/branch (e.g., Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Engineers, Aviation, Military Intelligence, Signal, Adjutant General). The Army has roughly 16-17 basic branches into which officers are commissioned.

20. What is the difference between a maneuver/combat arms branch and a combat support/combat service support branch?

    Combat arms/maneuver branches (e.g., Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air Defense, Engineers, Aviation) close with and engage the enemy directly. Combat support (e.g., Military Intelligence, Signal, Military Police) provides operational assistance, and combat service support (e.g., Quartermaster, Transportation, Ordnance, Adjutant General, Finance) sustains the force with logistics and administration.

21. What rank do cadets receive upon successful ROTC commissioning, and what are the typical commissioning requirements?

    Cadets commission as a Second Lieutenant (O-1). Requirements typically include completing the Advanced Course (MS III and IV), passing Advanced Camp/CLC, earning a baccalaureate degree, meeting fitness/medical standards, and completing required military science coursework.

22. What is a Warning Order (WARNORD) and why is it issued early in TLP?

    A WARNORD is a preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. It is issued as early as possible (TLP step 2) to give subordinates maximum time to prepare ('parallel planning') before the complete order is issued.

23. What is 'parallel planning' and how does it relate to issuing timely orders?

    Parallel planning is the simultaneous planning by higher and subordinate units, enabled by sharing information (warning orders) as it becomes available rather than waiting for a complete order. It maximizes subordinates' preparation time and follows the principle of using no more than one-third of available time for one's own planning (the one-third/two-thirds rule).

24. What is the one-third / two-thirds rule in troop-leading procedures?

    A time-management guideline: a leader uses no more than one-third of the available time for personal planning and preparation, leaving at least two-thirds for subordinate units to plan and prepare for the mission.

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