Python Programming Python Fundamentals And Program Structure Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Python Fundamentals And Program Structure deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. What is the special value used to represent 'no value' in Python?

   None (of type NoneType).

2. What does the // operator do in Python?

   Floor division: it divides and returns the largest integer less than or equal to the result (e.g., 7 // 2 = 3).

3. What does the ** operator do?

   Exponentiation (power), e.g., 2 ** 3 = 8.

4. What does the modulus operator % return?

   The remainder of a division, e.g., 7 % 3 = 1.

5. List the three logical operators in Python.

   and, or, and not.

6. What is the difference between == and = in Python?

   == is the equality comparison operator; = is the assignment operator.

7. What do the membership operators 'in' and 'not in' check?

   Whether a value is present (or absent) in a sequence such as a list, string, or tuple.

8. What do the identity operators 'is' and 'is not' check?

   Whether two variables refer to the same object in memory (same identity), not just equal values.

9. What is type conversion in Python?

   Changing the data type of a value from one type to another.

10. What is the difference between implicit and explicit type conversion?

    Implicit conversion is done automatically by Python (e.g., int to float in mixed arithmetic); explicit conversion (casting) is done manually with functions like int(), float(), str().

11. Which function converts a value to a floating-point number?

    float().

12. What does str(123) return?

    The string '123'.

13. What is the general syntax of an if-elif-else statement in Python?

    if condition: ... elif other_condition: ... else: ... — each block is indented, and conditions are tested in order.

14. What is a nested conditional statement?

    An if/else statement placed inside another if or else block.

15. What is the ternary (conditional) expression syntax in Python?

    value_if_true if condition else value_if_false.

16. What are the two main looping constructs in Python?

    The for loop and the while loop.

17. When is a for loop typically used versus a while loop?

    A for loop iterates over a known sequence/range; a while loop repeats as long as a condition remains true (often for unknown iteration counts).

18. What does range(1, 10, 2) generate?

    The numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (start 1, stop before 10, step 2).

19. What does the break statement do in a loop?

    It immediately terminates the nearest enclosing loop and transfers control to the statement after it.

20. What does the continue statement do?

    It skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next iteration of the loop.

21. What is the purpose of the pass statement?

    It is a null/placeholder statement that does nothing, used where a statement is syntactically required but no action is needed.

22. What does the else clause of a loop do in Python?

    The loop's else block runs after the loop finishes normally (i.e., when it was not terminated by a break).

23. Write a loop pattern to print a right-angled triangle of stars with n rows.

    for i in range(1, n+1): print('*' * i) — prints 1 star on row 1, up to n stars on row n.

24. How would you check whether a number n is prime using a loop?

    Loop from 2 to sqrt(n) (or n-1); if any i divides n evenly (n % i == 0), it is not prime; otherwise it is prime (n must also be greater than 1).

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