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🇵🇰 Pharm-D Admission Test · flashcards
Pharm-D Admission Test Biology Flashcards
68 question-and-answer cards covering Biology as it is examined in Pharm-D Admission Test. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Biology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
Differentiate gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms bear naked seeds (not enclosed in fruit), e.g., conifers/pines. Angiosperms are flowering plants with seeds enclosed in a fruit (ovary).
How do monocots and dicots differ?
Monocots: one cotyledon, parallel leaf venation, floral parts in multiples of 3, scattered vascular bundles, fibrous roots. Dicots: two cotyledons, net/reticulate venation, floral parts in 4s or 5s, ringed vascular bundles, taproot.
Differentiate diploblastic and triploblastic animals.
Diploblastic animals have two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm), e.g., cnidarians. Triploblastic animals have three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm), e.g., flatworms to chordates.
What are the main characteristics of Phylum Chordata?
At some stage they possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a post-anal tail.
List the levels of biological classification (taxonomic hierarchy) from broadest to most specific.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
What is binomial nomenclature, and who introduced it?
A two-name Latin naming system (Genus + species) introduced by Carolus Linnaeus. The genus is capitalized, species lowercase, and both are italicized or underlined (e.g., Homo sapiens).
What are the three domains in the modern (Woese) classification system?
Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Where does chemical digestion of starch, protein, and fat begin in humans?
Starch digestion begins in the mouth (salivary amylase); protein digestion begins in the stomach (pepsin in acidic conditions); fat digestion mainly begins in the small intestine (lipase, aided by bile).
What is the role of bile in digestion, and where is it produced and stored?
Bile emulsifies fats (breaks large fat droplets into smaller ones to increase surface area for lipase) and neutralizes stomach acid. It is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
Where does most absorption of digested food occur, and what adaptation increases its efficiency?
In the small intestine (mainly the ileum). Its inner surface has villi and microvilli that hugely increase surface area, plus a rich blood and lymph supply for absorption.
What is the function of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?
Alveoli are tiny air sacs that are the site of gaseous exchange. Their thin walls (one cell thick), moist surface, and large surface area with surrounding capillaries allow rapid diffusion of O2 and CO2.
Describe the mechanism of inspiration (breathing in) in humans.
The diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the external intercostal muscles contract raising the ribs; thoracic volume increases, lung pressure falls below atmospheric, so air rushes in.
Trace the path of air from the nose to the alveoli.
Nasal cavity -> pharynx -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli.
Name the four chambers of the human heart and the type of blood each handles.
Right atrium and right ventricle handle deoxygenated blood; left atrium and left ventricle handle oxygenated blood.
What is the function of the atrioventricular (bicuspid/tricuspid) valves and semilunar valves?
Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid on right, bicuspid/mitral on left) prevent backflow from ventricles to atria. Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) prevent backflow from arteries back into ventricles.
Differentiate arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart (thick muscular walls, high pressure, usually oxygenated). Veins carry blood to the heart (thinner walls, valves, low pressure). Capillaries are one-cell-thick vessels where exchange of materials occurs.
What is double circulation in humans?
Blood passes through the heart twice per complete circuit: pulmonary circulation (heart to lungs and back) and systemic circulation (heart to body and back). This keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate.
What is the function of hemoglobin in blood?
Hemoglobin (in red blood cells) binds and transports oxygen as oxyhemoglobin from lungs to tissues, and helps carry some carbon dioxide and buffer blood pH.
What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
Returns excess tissue fluid (lymph) to the blood, absorbs fats from the intestine (via lacteals), and contains lymphocytes that fight infection (immune defense).
Differentiate active and passive immunity.
Active immunity: the body produces its own antibodies after exposure to an antigen (infection or vaccination); long-lasting. Passive immunity: ready-made antibodies are received from another source (e.g., mother to fetus, antiserum); short-lived.
What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody?
An antigen is a foreign substance (often a protein) that triggers an immune response. An antibody is a protein (immunoglobulin) produced by B-lymphocytes that specifically binds and neutralizes that antigen.
What is the difference between xylem and phloem in plants?
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upward from roots to leaves (dead cells, lignified). Phloem transports food (sucrose) made in leaves to other parts (living cells, translocation, bidirectional).
What is transpiration, and what is the transpiration pull?
Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from aerial plant parts (mainly through stomata). Transpiration pull is the suction force created by water evaporation that draws water up the xylem (cohesion-tension).
What role do stomata and guard cells play in transport in plants?
Stomata are pores (mainly on leaf undersides) for gas exchange and transpiration. Guard cells flank each stoma and open/close it by changing turgor: turgid guard cells open the stoma, flaccid guard cells close it.
What this deck covers
The Biology deck follows the Pharm-D Admission Test Biology syllabus — 10 chapters and 36 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 6.8 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 174 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Biology flashcards FAQ
How many Biology flashcards are in this Pharm-D Admission Test deck?
68 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these Pharm-D Admission Test flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 68-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Biology cards cover?
They follow the Pharm-D Admission Test Biology syllabus — 10 chapters and 36 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.