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NTS NAT-IA Logical Reasoning Flashcards
51 question-and-answer cards covering Logical Reasoning as it is examined in NTS NAT-IA. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Logical Reasoning deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
Syllogism rule: what can you conclude from two negative premises?
No valid conclusion can be drawn from two negative premises.
Syllogism rule: what can you conclude from two particular premises?
No valid conclusion can be drawn from two particular (some) premises; at least one premise must be universal.
Syllogism rule: if one premise is negative, what must the conclusion be?
If either premise is negative, the conclusion must also be negative.
Syllogism rule: if one premise is particular, what must the conclusion be?
If either premise is particular ('some'), the conclusion must also be particular.
In 'Course of Action' questions, what is a 'course of action'?
A step, decision, or administrative action proposed to solve a problem or improve a situation described in the statement.
What two criteria must a suggested course of action meet to be considered 'follows'?
(1) It must actually address/solve the problem, and (2) it must be practical, reasonable, and not an extreme or one-sided over-reaction.
In course of action questions, why are extreme actions (ban everything, punish all) usually rejected?
Because a valid course of action should be balanced and feasible; extreme or impractical measures are not considered proper solutions.
What is a categorical statement (categorical proposition)?
A statement that affirms or denies that all, some, or none of one category (subject) is included in another category (predicate).
List the four standard types (A, E, I, O) of categorical statements.
A = Universal affirmative (All S are P); E = Universal negative (No S are P); I = Particular affirmative (Some S are P); O = Particular negative (Some S are not P).
Which terms are distributed in an A-type statement (All S are P)?
Only the subject (S) is distributed; the predicate (P) is undistributed.
Which terms are distributed in an E-type statement (No S are P)?
Both the subject and the predicate are distributed.
Which terms are distributed in an I-type statement (Some S are P)?
Neither the subject nor the predicate is distributed.
Which terms are distributed in an O-type statement (Some S are not P)?
Only the predicate (P) is distributed; the subject (S) is undistributed.
What is the Venn diagram method for syllogisms?
A technique using overlapping circles for the three terms; you mark the premises (shading for 'none', X for 'some') and check whether the conclusion is forced by the diagram.
On a Venn diagram, how do you represent a universal statement like 'No S are P' or 'All S are P'?
By shading out the region that must be empty (e.g., shade the S-and-not-P region for 'All S are P', and shade the S-and-P overlap for 'No S are P').
On a Venn diagram, how do you represent a particular statement like 'Some S are P'?
By placing an X in the overlapping region of S and P to show at least one member exists there.
When using Venn diagrams, in what order should universal and particular premises be entered?
Always diagram universal (shading) premises first, then place the X for particular premises, so the X can be positioned unambiguously.
How do you determine validity using a completed Venn diagram?
The syllogism is valid only if the diagram drawn from the premises already shows (forces) exactly what the conclusion claims, with no extra assumption needed.
In 'Statement and Conclusions' questions, when does a conclusion 'follow'?
A conclusion follows only if it can be logically and definitely derived from the given statement(s) alone, without external information.
What is the rule for 'Either-Or' (complementary pair) conclusions?
When two conclusions individually don't follow but together cover all possibilities and form a complementary pair, the answer is 'either conclusion I or II follows'.
In 'Statement and Assumptions' questions, what defines an implicit assumption?
An implicit assumption is something taken for granted by the speaker—an unstated idea that must hold for the statement to be made or to make sense.
In statement-and-assumptions questions, why is a restatement of the given fact NOT an assumption?
An assumption must be unstated and taken for granted; if something is already stated or directly obvious in the statement, it is not an implicit assumption.
Compare a valid conclusion and an invalid conclusion.
A valid conclusion necessarily follows from the premises by logical rules; an invalid conclusion does not necessarily follow, even if the premises are true (the logical link is broken).
What is the key difference between strengthening and weakening an argument?
Strengthening adds support that makes the conclusion more likely to follow (often by confirming the assumption), while weakening undermines the premise-conclusion link (often by attacking the assumption or giving an alternative).
What this deck covers
The Logical Reasoning deck follows the NTS NAT-IA Logical Reasoning syllabus — 4 chapters and 14 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 12.8 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 124 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Logical Reasoning flashcards FAQ
How many Logical Reasoning flashcards are in this NTS NAT-IA deck?
51 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these NTS NAT-IA flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 51-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Logical Reasoning cards cover?
They follow the NTS NAT-IA Logical Reasoning syllabus — 4 chapters and 14 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.