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NExT Pediatrics including Neonatology Flashcards
52 question-and-answer cards covering Pediatrics including Neonatology as it is examined in NExT. 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Pediatrics including Neonatology deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
What is the established neuroprotective therapy for moderate-to-severe HIE in term/near-term neonates?
Therapeutic hypothermia (whole-body or selective head cooling to 33.5°C for 72 hours), started within 6 hours of birth.
Under India's Universal Immunization Programme, which vaccines are given at birth?
BCG, OPV (zero dose), and Hepatitis B (birth dose).
What vaccines are given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks under the UIP schedule?
Pentavalent (DPT+HepB+Hib), OPV, Rotavirus vaccine, and fIPV (fractional inactivated polio) at each visit; PCV is also given at 6 and 14 weeks (plus a booster).
When is the first dose of measles-rubella (MR) vaccine given in the UIP schedule?
First MR dose at 9-12 months; second dose at 16-24 months.
What is the route and site of BCG vaccine administration, and the normal post-vaccination reaction?
Intradermal, over left upper arm (deltoid); produces a papule -> ulcer -> heals as a scar over ~6-12 weeks.
What are Koplik spots and which disease are they pathognomonic for?
Koplik spots are small bluish-white spots on a red base on the buccal mucosa - pathognomonic for measles, appearing 1-2 days before the rash.
Describe the characteristic rash progression of chickenpox (varicella).
Centripetal (trunk > extremities) rash with rapid evolution; lesions in different stages simultaneously (macule -> papule -> vesicle -> pustule -> crust) - 'dew drops on a rose petal'.
What organism causes whooping cough and what is its classic clinical hallmark?
Bordetella pertussis; classic paroxysmal cough with inspiratory 'whoop' followed by post-tussive vomiting.
Per WHO/IMNCI, what respiratory rate defines fast breathing (pneumonia) by age group?
<2 months: >=60/min; 2-12 months: >=50/min; 12 months-5 years: >=40/min.
What clinical signs classify pneumonia as 'severe pneumonia' under IMNCI?
Cough/difficult breathing plus any general danger sign or chest indrawing or stridor in a calm child (lower chest wall indrawing indicates severe pneumonia).
What is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, and the first-line oral antibiotic for non-severe cases?
Streptococcus pneumoniae; first-line oral antibiotic is amoxicillin.
What is the composition of WHO low-osmolarity ORS (osmolarity and key contents)?
Total osmolarity 245 mOsm/L: sodium 75, chloride 65, glucose 75, potassium 20, citrate 10 mmol/L.
Under IMNCI, what are the three plans (A, B, C) for managing diarrhea by dehydration status?
Plan A: no dehydration - home ORS + zinc. Plan B: some dehydration - 75 ml/kg ORS over 4 hr. Plan C: severe dehydration - IV fluids (Ringer's lactate).
What is the recommended zinc supplementation for childhood diarrhea?
Zinc 20 mg/day (10 mg/day if <6 months) for 10-14 days, reduces severity, duration, and recurrence of diarrhea.
What is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease beyond infancy, and its four components?
Tetralogy of Fallot: pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy ('boot-shaped' heart on X-ray).
What is the most common congenital acyanotic heart defect, and its characteristic murmur?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD); harsh pansystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border.
What are the diagnostic Jones criteria categories for acute rheumatic fever?
Major: carditis, polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules. Minor: fever, arthralgia, raised ESR/CRP, prolonged PR. Need 2 major OR 1 major + 2 minor plus evidence of preceding strep infection.
What is the classic triad of nephrotic syndrome, and the most common type in children?
Triad: heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema (plus hyperlipidemia); minimal change disease is the most common type, typically steroid-responsive.
What is the classic presentation and most common cause of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (nephritic syndrome) in children?
Hematuria (cola-colored urine), edema, hypertension, oliguria following group A streptococcal throat/skin infection (1-2 weeks later); low C3.
What deficiency causes the most common nutritional anemia in children, and the lab picture?
Iron deficiency anemia; microcytic hypochromic anemia with low ferritin, low serum iron, high TIBC, low transferrin saturation.
What is the most common childhood malignancy, and its peak age of incidence?
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); peak incidence at 2-5 years of age.
What is the classic triad of febrile seizures and the age range in which they occur?
Seizure with fever (no CNS infection/metabolic cause) in children 6 months to 5 years; simple febrile seizures are generalized, <15 min, and do not recur within 24 hours.
What is the karyotype and key clinical features of Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
47,XX/XY +21 (or translocation/mosaic); features: hypotonia, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, flat nasal bridge, single palmar crease, Brushfield spots, intellectual disability, and AV canal cardiac defects.
What are the age range and key components (the four As) of the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) target group?
Adolescents 10-19 years; RKSK addresses nutrition, sexual & reproductive health, mental health, substance misuse, injuries/violence, and non-communicable diseases, delivered through Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics and Peer Educators.
What this deck covers
The Pediatrics including Neonatology deck follows the NExT Pediatrics including Neonatology syllabus — 5 chapters and 21 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 10.4 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 131 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Pediatrics including Neonatology flashcards FAQ
How many Pediatrics including Neonatology flashcards are in this NExT deck?
52 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these NExT flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 52-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Pediatrics including Neonatology cards cover?
They follow the NExT Pediatrics including Neonatology syllabus — 5 chapters and 21 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.