NDA (National Defence Academy) Exam History, Freedom Movement and Polity (GAT Paper II, Part D) Flashcards

24 sample cards from the History, Freedom Movement and Polity (GAT Paper II, Part D) deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. Who established the Ramakrishna Mission and in which year?

   Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission in 1897, promoting service to humanity and Vedanta philosophy.

2. When did the Indian Constitution come into effect, and how is the day commemorated?

   The Constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950, commemorated as Republic Day. It was adopted on 26 November 1949.

3. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution?

   Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee; he is known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.

4. What are the Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Part III of the Indian Constitution?

   Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and Right to Constitutional Remedies.

5. What are the Directive Principles of State Policy and in which part of the Constitution are they found?

   Found in Part IV (Articles 36-51), they are non-justiciable guidelines for the State to establish social and economic justice, inspired by the Irish Constitution.

6. What are the Fundamental Duties, when were they added, and by which amendment?

   Added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) in Part IVA (Article 51A), based on the Swaran Singh Committee recommendation; originally 10, now 11 duties.

7. What is the term and minimum age for the President of India?

   The President serves a 5-year term, is elected indirectly by an electoral college, and must be at least 35 years old.

8. What is the composition and function of the Indian Parliament?

   Parliament is bicameral: Lok Sabha (House of the People, lower house) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States, upper house), plus the President. It makes laws for the Union.

9. What is the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha and the normal term of its members?

   The Lok Sabha can have up to 552 members and a normal term of 5 years; it can be dissolved earlier.

10. How does the Rajya Sabha differ from the Lok Sabha in terms of permanence?

    The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house that is never fully dissolved; one-third of its members retire every two years, and members serve 6-year terms.

11. Who is the constitutional head of a State, and who is the real executive head?

    The Governor is the constitutional (nominal) head of a State, appointed by the President; the Chief Minister is the real executive head.

12. What is the significance of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1992)?

    It gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions, establishing a three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas.

13. What are the three tiers of the Panchayati Raj system?

    Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti / Block Panchayat (intermediate/block level), and Zila Parishad (district level).

14. What did the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (1992) establish?

    It gave constitutional status to urban local bodies (Municipalities), such as Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils, and Municipal Corporations.

15. What is the All India Services and name its three components?

    Services common to both the Union and States: the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Forest Service (IFoS).

16. When did the French Revolution begin and what was its rallying motto?

    The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille; its motto was 'Liberty, Equality, Fraternity'.

17. What was the American War of Independence and which document marked its declaration?

    The 1775-1783 revolt of thirteen American colonies against British rule; the Declaration of Independence (1776), drafted mainly by Thomas Jefferson, proclaimed their freedom.

18. What was the Russian Revolution of 1917 and who led the Bolsheviks?

    A revolution that overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and led to the world's first communist state (USSR); the Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin.

19. What was the Industrial Revolution and where did it begin?

    A period (c. 1760-1840) of transition to machine-based manufacturing, powered by steam and coal, beginning in Britain and transforming economies and societies.

20. What event triggered World War I and in which year did it begin?

    World War I began in 1914, triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary at Sarajevo; it lasted until 1918.

21. What were the years of World War II and which event marked its start in Europe?

    World War II lasted 1939-1945; it began in Europe with Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under Adolf Hitler.

22. What treaty ended World War I and what international body did it create?

    The Treaty of Versailles (1919) ended WWI, imposing harsh terms on Germany, and led to the creation of the League of Nations.

23. When was the United Nations established and what replaced the League of Nations?

    The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 after WWII, replacing the failed League of Nations to maintain international peace and security.

24. What was the Cold War in the post-war world order?

    A period of geopolitical tension (c. 1947-1991) between the US-led capitalist bloc and the USSR-led communist bloc, marked by ideological rivalry, an arms race, and proxy wars without direct large-scale conflict.

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History, Freedom Movement and Polity (GAT Paper II, Part D) flashcards FAQ