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🇺🇸 Master of Laws (LLM) · flashcards
Master of Laws (LLM) Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers Flashcards
50 question-and-answer cards covering Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers as it is examined in Master of Laws (LLM). 24 of them are printed below, taken from across the deck — no signup, no paywall on the preview.
24 sample cards from the Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers deck
Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.
State the conflict rule for a former government lawyer entering private practice under Model Rule 1.11(a).
A former government lawyer must not represent a private client in a matter in which the lawyer participated personally and substantially while in government, unless the appropriate government agency gives informed written consent; the firm may continue if the lawyer is timely screened, gets no fee, and notice is given.
Under Model Rule 1.12, may a former judge or arbitrator later represent a party in the same matter?
No—a lawyer must not represent anyone in a matter in which the lawyer participated personally and substantially as a judge, arbitrator, mediator, or law clerk, unless all parties give informed written consent; the firm may continue via timely screening, no fee sharing, and notice.
What 'negotiating for employment' restriction applies to judges, clerks, and government lawyers handling a matter?
A lawyer/clerk/judge participating personally and substantially in a matter must not negotiate for private employment with a party (or party's lawyer) involved; a law clerk may do so only after notifying the judge.
State the duty of candor toward a tribunal under Model Rule 3.3.
A lawyer must not knowingly make false statements of fact or law to a tribunal or fail to correct them, must disclose directly adverse controlling legal authority not disclosed by opposing counsel, and must not offer evidence the lawyer knows is false—taking remedial measures (including disclosure) if false evidence was offered.
How long does the Rule 3.3 duty of candor (including the duty to remedy false evidence) last?
It continues to the conclusion of the proceeding and applies even if compliance requires disclosing information otherwise protected by Rule 1.6 confidentiality.
What does Model Rule 3.4 (fairness to opposing party and counsel) prohibit?
Unlawfully obstructing access to or altering/destroying evidence; falsifying evidence or coaching false testimony; paying improper witness fees; knowingly disobeying court rules; making frivolous discovery requests; and alluding at trial to irrelevant or unsupported matters or asserting personal opinions on the merits.
State the 'no-contact' rule for communicating with represented persons under Model Rule 4.2.
A lawyer representing a client must not communicate about the subject of the representation with a person the lawyer knows is represented by another lawyer in that matter, unless the other lawyer consents or the contact is authorized by law or court order.
What are a lawyer's duties when dealing with an unrepresented person under Model Rule 4.3?
The lawyer must not state or imply she is disinterested; must correct any misunderstanding of the lawyer's role; and must not give legal advice (other than to secure counsel) if the person's interests conflict or may conflict with the client's.
Under Model Rule 4.1, what is a lawyer's duty of truthfulness to third persons?
In the course of representation a lawyer must not knowingly make a false statement of material fact or law to a third person, or fail to disclose a material fact when necessary to avoid assisting a client's crime or fraud (unless disclosure is barred by Rule 1.6).
What is the modern Model Rule 7.1 standard for lawyer advertising?
A lawyer must not make a false or misleading communication about the lawyer or the lawyer's services; a communication is misleading if it contains a material misrepresentation or omits a fact needed to keep it from being materially misleading.
Define 'solicitation' and state the general restriction under Model Rule 7.3.
Solicitation is a targeted communication initiated by the lawyer directed to a specific person, offering to provide legal services, motivated by pecuniary gain. Live in-person, telephone, or real-time electronic solicitation is generally prohibited unless the target is a lawyer, family member, close personal/prior professional contact, or someone who routinely uses such services.
What does Model Rule 5.5 prohibit regarding the unauthorized practice of law?
A lawyer must not practice in a jurisdiction where doing so violates that jurisdiction's regulations, nor assist a nonlawyer in the unauthorized practice of law; it sets limited 'temporary practice' (pro hac vice / multijurisdictional) exceptions for out-of-state lawyers.
State the mandatory reporting-of-misconduct rule under Model Rule 8.3.
A lawyer who KNOWS another lawyer has committed a violation raising a substantial question about that lawyer's honesty, trustworthiness, or fitness must inform the appropriate professional authority—unless the information is protected by Rule 1.6 confidentiality or learned through an approved lawyer-assistance program.
List the forms of attorney discipline a state may impose, from least to most severe.
Private reprimand/admonition; public reprimand/censure; suspension (for a fixed term); and disbarment (permanent or with a waiting period to seek reinstatement); plus possible probation, restitution, or required CLE.
Under Model Rule 8.4, what acts constitute professional misconduct beyond rule violations?
Committing a criminal act reflecting on honesty/trustworthiness/fitness; engaging in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation; conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice; stating an ability to improperly influence officials; and knowingly assisting a judge in violating judicial conduct rules.
Under the typical ABA-recommended LLM pathway, what core qualification must a foreign-trained lawyer's LLM include to be bar-eligible (e.g., in New York)?
The LLM must generally include a minimum number of credit hours (e.g., 24 in New York) in required areas such as U.S. legal subjects tested on the bar, two credits of professional responsibility, two credits of U.S. legal research/writing/analysis, and credits in basic American legal courses.
What is the durational/in-classroom requirement often imposed on a qualifying LLM for foreign lawyers?
The program typically must be a minimum of 24 semester credit hours completed over not less than two semesters (about an academic year) of full-time or equivalent study, primarily in person at an ABA-approved law school, not by distance/correspondence.
What are the two principal components of a typical U.S. bar examination?
(1) The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE)—a multiple-choice test; and (2) written components (essays and a performance test). Most states use the Uniform Bar Examination (UBE), which combines the MBE, the Multistate Essay Examination (MEE), and the Multistate Performance Test (MPT).
Describe the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE).
A 200-question (175 scored) multiple-choice exam given in two three-hour sessions, covering seven subjects: Civil Procedure, Constitutional Law, Contracts, Criminal Law & Procedure, Evidence, Real Property, and Torts.
What is the Multistate Performance Test (MPT) and what does it assess?
A closed-universe, skills-based exercise (90 minutes per task) providing a File and a Library; it tests practical lawyering skills—analyzing facts and law to produce a work product like a memo, brief, or letter—rather than memorized substantive law.
What is the Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) and how is it weighted?
A standardized, portable exam producing a score transferable among UBE jurisdictions; it is weighted 50% MBE, 30% MEE (six essays), and 20% MPT (two tasks). The NextGen Bar Exam is replacing the UBE in adopting states.
What is the purpose of the Character and Fitness review in bar admission?
To determine whether an applicant possesses the honesty, trustworthiness, diligence, and reliability required to practice law and protect the public; it examines past conduct (criminal history, financial responsibility, candor on the application, academic/employment conduct) for evidence of present fitness.
What is the MPRE, and what are its key parameters?
The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination is a separate 60-question (50 scored) multiple-choice exam on the law of lawyering (based on the ABA Model Rules and Code of Judicial Conduct). It is administered separately from the bar exam, and most jurisdictions require a passing scaled score (commonly 75–86 depending on the state) for admission.
What is Continuing Legal Education (CLE), and what post-admission obligation does it impose?
CLE is mandatory ongoing professional education that admitted lawyers must complete periodically (e.g., a set number of credit hours per reporting cycle, including ethics/professionalism credits) to maintain their license; newly admitted lawyers often face enhanced first-year CLE requirements.
What this deck covers
The Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers deck follows the Master of Laws (LLM) Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers syllabus — 4 chapters and 15 topics — so questions land on material that is genuinely examinable rather than trivia around it. That works out to roughly 12.5 cards per chapter.
Answers are written to be recallable, not just readable — averaging about 276 characters, which is long enough to carry the reasoning and short enough to say out loud.
A deck like this earns its keep on the second and third pass. Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then use the cards to find the specific facts that have not stuck.
Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers flashcards FAQ
How many Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers flashcards are in this Master of Laws (LLM) deck?
50 cards. This page previews 24 of them, sampled evenly across the deck so you can judge the difficulty before installing anything.
Are these Master of Laws (LLM) flashcards free?
Yes. The preview here is free to read with no signup, and the full 50-card deck is free inside the Examius app.
What do the Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers cards cover?
They follow the Master of Laws (LLM) Professional Responsibility and Bar Admission for Foreign-Trained Lawyers syllabus — 4 chapters and 15 topics — so the questions track what is actually examinable.
How should I use these flashcards?
Read the syllabus first so you know the shape of the subject, then drill the deck. Examius schedules each card with spaced repetition, so cards you keep missing come back sooner and ones you know drift further apart.