JEE Main Drawing And Planning (Paper 2) Flashcards

24 sample cards from the Drawing And Planning (Paper 2) deck

Sampled from the end of the deck, so these are different cards from the ones shown on the syllabus page.

1. What is 'sustainable development' as defined by the Brundtland Commission?

   Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

2. What are the three pillars/dimensions of sustainable development?

   Economic (growth/viability), social (equity/inclusion), and environmental (ecological protection) sustainability.

3. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) did the United Nations adopt in 2015, and by what target year?

   17 Sustainable Development Goals, to be achieved by the year 2030 (the 2030 Agenda).

4. What is the Human Development Index (HDI) and which three dimensions does it measure?

   A composite index of development by the UNDP measuring: a long and healthy life (life expectancy), knowledge (education/literacy and schooling), and a decent standard of living (GNI per capita).

5. In comprehension and critical thinking, what is the difference between an inference and an assumption?

   An inference is a conclusion logically drawn from given evidence/stated information; an assumption is an unstated premise taken for granted that the argument relies upon.

6. What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning?

   Deductive reasoning moves from general premises to a specific, certain conclusion; inductive reasoning moves from specific observations to a general, probable conclusion.

7. In critical thinking, what is a logical fallacy?

   A flaw or error in reasoning that undermines the validity of an argument (e.g., circular reasoning, ad hominem, false cause), making a conclusion unsound even if it seems persuasive.

8. What is the difference between a fact and an opinion in critical reading?

   A fact is an objective statement that can be verified as true or false; an opinion is a subjective judgment, belief, or interpretation that cannot be definitively proven.

9. What is the key difference between a bar graph and a histogram?

   A bar graph compares distinct/discrete categories with gaps between bars; a histogram shows the frequency distribution of continuous data with adjacent bars (no gaps) representing class intervals.

10. What does a pie chart represent, and how is the angle of each sector calculated?

    A pie chart shows proportions of a whole as sectors of a circle. Each sector's central angle = (category value / total value) x 360 degrees.

11. On a map, what does the 'scale' indicate and what are its common forms?

    Scale shows the ratio of map distance to actual ground distance. Common forms: representative fraction (e.g., 1:50,000), verbal/statement scale, and graphical/linear (bar) scale.

12. What are contour lines on a topographic map, and what does close spacing indicate?

    Contour lines join points of equal elevation above a datum. Closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes; widely spaced contours indicate gentle slopes.

13. What is the difference between a line graph and a scatter plot?

    A line graph connects data points in sequence to show trends over a continuous variable (often time); a scatter plot displays individual points to reveal correlation/relationship between two variables without connecting them.

14. Define the three measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode.

    Mean is the arithmetic average (sum / count); median is the middle value when data is ordered; mode is the most frequently occurring value.

15. How do you calculate the mean of a data set, and the median of an even-numbered set?

    Mean = (sum of all values) / (number of values). For an even count, median = average of the two middle values after sorting.

16. What is the 'range' of a data set and how is it calculated?

    The range is a measure of spread/dispersion equal to the maximum value minus the minimum value in the data set.

17. What does standard deviation measure in a data set?

    It measures the average amount by which data values deviate from the mean, indicating the dispersion or spread; a low value means data clusters near the mean, a high value means data is spread out.

18. What is the difference between urbanisation and urban sprawl?

    Urbanisation is the increasing proportion of a population living in urban areas over time; urban sprawl is the uncontrolled, low-density outward spread of a city into surrounding rural land.

19. What is the difference between a conurbation and a metropolis?

    A metropolis is a single large dominant city with its surrounding region; a conurbation is a continuous urban area formed when several towns/cities grow and merge together.

20. In settlement geography, what is the difference between a nucleated and a dispersed settlement pattern?

    A nucleated settlement has buildings clustered tightly around a central point (e.g., crossroads, water source); a dispersed settlement has buildings scattered far apart over an area.

21. What is a 'master plan' in the context of urban/town planning?

    A long-term, comprehensive statutory document guiding the physical development of a city/town, allocating land use (residential, commercial, industrial, recreational) and infrastructure for a target horizon year.

22. What is the 'greenhouse effect' and which gases primarily cause it?

    The trapping of heat in Earth's atmosphere by gases that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation. Main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), water vapour, nitrous oxide (N2O), and CFCs.

23. What is the difference between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, with examples?

    Biodegradable waste decomposes naturally through biological action (e.g., food scraps, paper, leaves); non-biodegradable waste does not break down easily (e.g., plastics, glass, metals).

24. In demography, what is the difference between birth rate, death rate, and the rate of natural increase?

    Birth rate is live births per 1,000 people per year; death rate is deaths per 1,000 people per year; the rate of natural increase = (birth rate - death rate), the population change excluding migration.

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Drawing And Planning (Paper 2) flashcards FAQ